Smart Agriculture ›› 2021, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (1): 129-143.doi: 10.12133/j.smartag.2021.3.1.202102-SA034
• 智能装备与系统 • 上一篇
黄凯1,2(), 舒磊2,3(
), 李凯亮2, 杨星2, 朱艳1, 汪小旵4, 苏勤2
收稿日期:
2021-02-16
修回日期:
2021-03-11
出版日期:
2021-03-30
发布日期:
2021-06-01
基金资助:
作者简介:
黄 凯(1988-),男,博士,研究方向为农业物联网。E-mail:通讯作者:
舒磊
E-mail:kai_huang@njau.edu.cn;lei.shu@njau.edu.cn
HUANG Kai1,2(), SHU Lei2,3(
), LI Kailiang2, YANG Xing2, ZHU Yan1, WANG Xiaochan4, SU Qin2
Received:
2021-02-16
Revised:
2021-03-11
Online:
2021-03-30
Published:
2021-06-01
corresponding author:
Lei SHU
E-mail:kai_huang@njau.edu.cn;lei.shu@njau.edu.cn
摘要:
太阳能杀虫灯在有效控制虫害的同时,可减少农药施药量。随着其部署数量的增加,被盗被破坏的报道也越来越多,严重影响了虫害防治效果并造成了较大的经济损失。为有效地解决太阳能杀虫灯物联网节点被盗被破坏问题,本研究以太阳能杀虫灯物联网为应用场景,对太阳能杀虫灯硬件进行改造设计以获取更多的传感信息;提出了太阳能杀虫灯辅助设备——无人机杀虫灯,用以被盗被破坏出现后的部署、追踪和巡检等应急应用。通过上述硬件层面的改造设计和增加辅助设备,可以获取更为全面的信息以判断太阳能杀虫灯物联网节点被盗被破坏情况。但考虑到被盗被破坏发生时间短,仅改造硬件层面还不足以实现快速准确判断。因此,本研究进一步从内部硬件、软件算法和外形结构设计三个层面,探讨了设备防盗防破坏的优化设计、设备防盗防破坏判断规则的建立、设备被盗被破坏的快速准确判断、设备被盗被破坏的应急措施、设备被盗被破坏的预测与防控,以及优化计算以降低网络数据传输负荷六个关键研究问题,并对设备防盗防破坏技术在太阳能杀虫灯物联网场景中的应用进行了展望。
中图分类号:
黄凯, 舒磊, 李凯亮, 杨星, 朱艳, 汪小旵, 苏勤. 太阳能杀虫灯物联网节点的防盗防破坏设计及展望[J]. 智慧农业(中英文), 2021, 3(1): 129-143.
HUANG Kai, SHU Lei, LI Kailiang, YANG Xing, ZHU Yan, WANG Xiaochan, SU Qin. Design and Prospect for Anti-theft and Anti-destruction of Nodes in Solar Insecticidal Lamps Internet of Things[J]. Smart Agriculture, 2021, 3(1): 129-143.
表1
杀虫灯盗窃破坏的相关文献、报道
时间 | 标题 | 相关文献、报道的表述 |
---|---|---|
2001 | 频振式杀虫灯在园林害虫防治上的应用[ | 黑光灯上部件时常有丢失或被损坏 |
2003 | 频振式杀虫灯防治油松毛虫试验[ | 在护林的同时对杀虫灯加以管护,防止电源线脱落、杀虫灯的丢失损坏等 |
2004 | 频振式杀虫灯防治落叶松鞘蛾效果分析[ | 建立人与灯结合的管理制度,每人管理10台灯,负责开灯、闭灯、收虫、记录、分析、处理,并定期维护灯箱、擦拭灯管等,消除安全隐患,防止丢失、损坏 |
2010 | 宜川县苹果害虫发生现状与防控 技术[ | 杀虫灯人为丢失、损坏现象严重 |
2011 | 新型杀虫灯诱杀玉米螟技术[ | 由于蓄电池可以随时安装和取下, 所以夜间在屯外路边的秸秆垛诱虫时, 偶尔会出现蓄电池丢失现象 |
2011 | 杀虫灯频遭“黑手”市政:盗走使用不当有害无益[ | 接连好几天发现安装在线杆上的多个灭蛾灯丢失,“白天发现灭蛾灯没有了,工作人员来安装上,第二天又丢了。” |
2011 | 三亚政府免费安装千盏杀虫灯 两月后百盏遭破坏[ | 灭虫灯遭破坏,有的电池被偷,有的太阳能发电板被偷,有的电网和灯管被砸坏……据三亚有关部门统计,截至目前,约100多盏太阳能灭虫灯遭到破坏 |
2012 | 太阳能智能杀虫灯应用效果研究[ | 在田间使用容易丢失,没有防盗功能,太阳能电池板容易被人为损坏 |
2013 | 广州市植保新技术新方法推广现状分析[ | 新技术推广应用过程中, 后续维护和管理跟不上, 常出现杀虫灯灯管易损耗、外壳易老化、接虫袋丢失, 个别地方出现电线或杀虫灯被盗的情况 |
2013—2014 | 积极争取公共财政扶持 扎实推进病虫害绿色防控[ 1.65万盏杀虫灯让30万亩花生告别灌药历史[ | 香城镇2007年以来先后购置频振式杀虫灯4000盏, 使用之初, 由于以村为单位分散管理, 责任利益不明确, 丢失、坏损, 甚至不正常安装使用的现象时有发生 |
2015 | 邹城市农作物病虫害专业化统防统治与绿色防控融合推进的实践及 成效[ | 香城镇通过实施洪山流域生态农业示范区建设项目,先后购买杀虫灯3000盏、性诱捕器1万套、粘虫板50万块。使用之初,由于以村为单位分散管理, 责任利益不明确,丢失损坏、安装使用不正常的现象时有发生 |
2015 | 浅析从化学防治到物理防治的转变——关于太阳能杀虫灯的应用[ | 由于太阳能杀虫灯价值较高, 大田使用中容易丢失。这需要在使用中做好防盗工作, 如加装防盗监控设施等, 或者对产品作进一步改进, 增加防盗功能 |
2016 | 太阳能杀虫灯对蔬菜害虫的诱杀 效果[ | 应在农田适合位置用水泥固定安装太阳能杀虫灯,加强养护巡逻,严防偷盗 |
2017 | 物理诱虫灯成功控制虫害动了谁的奶酪[ | 自2007年,本团队为蒋家庄村民免费装的太阳灯杀虫灯或交流电杀虫灯,不断被破坏,前后损失十几万元 |
2018 | 花生病虫害全覆盖式绿色防控工作的实践与思考[ | 杀虫灯、诱捕器等植保产品使用之初是以村集体为单位分散管理, 责任利益不明确, 容易丢失、损坏、安装使用不当的情况时有发生 |
2018 | 文山州太阳能杀虫灯使用现状与问题及对策[ | 太阳能杀虫灯靠太阳能蓄电池蓄电, 一般安装于田间距村庄住户比较远, 普遍距地面比较近, 没有防护罩, 大人小孩容易接触到, 太阳能蓄电池容易被损坏、盗走, 我州部分县 (市) 蓄电池被盗事情频发。大大缩短了使用年限, 而且维修起来花费较高, 杀虫灯的后期管理维护困难重重 |
2018 | 太阳能诱虫灯对玉米害虫诱杀效果初探[ | 但单灯智能太阳能灯由于安装简易, 较矮, 易丢失 |
2018 | 农业生产切莫浪费了杀虫灯[ | 最初推广杀虫灯时, 某580亩豇豆基地放了由农业部门免费送的15盏频振式杀虫灯, 使用后效果奇好, 可不到二三年时间, 灯陆续坏了, 无人修理, 至今弃之不用 |
2020 | 太阳能杀虫灯在农业生产中的推广及应用[ | 对易损件要定期检查维护,防止人为损坏 |
表2
物联网设备安全研究现状对比分析
场景描述 | 场景特点 | 设备安全问题类型举例 | 设备安全问题的特点 | 设备安全问题形成原因 | 应对对策 | 应对对策特点 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
与能量管理相关,如智能电网 | 户外场景,覆盖范围广,排查困难 | 电缆被盗[ | 随机性,易被破坏性,设备安全问题会造成局部影响 | 人为因素、自然因素 | 电路信号检测[ | 快速响应并定位[ |
与具有计算能力的可移动设备相关,如智能手机,无人机,汽车,摩托车和共享单车等 | 可移动,便携,价值高,智能化 | 智能手机被盗[ | 针对性,随机性,设备安全问题会造成相应的设备财产损失 | 人为因素、自然因素 | 设备远程锁定[ | 用户信息隐私保护[ |
场景内所有设备参与自组网,如文物、办公设备和智能家居等 | 关联性强,自组网,数量多 | 文物被盗[ | 针对性,关联性,组网设备的状态会受到产生安全问题设备的影响,例如空调温度模块被破坏,造成智能开窗通风,这会增加室内被盗风险 | 人为因素、自然因素 | RFID[ | 无源检测[ |
太阳能杀虫灯物联网 | 户外场景,覆盖范围广,价值高,智能化,自组网,数量多 | 太阳能杀虫灯被盗、被破坏(详见 | 针对性,随机性,关联性 | 人为因素、自然因素 | 视频监控[ | 防盗警示,短信报警[ |
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