高时空分辨率遥感支撑的农业精准灾害预警:进展、瓶颈与融合路径
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许晓斌,博士,研究方向为农业遥感。E-mail:xuxb29@126.com |
收稿日期: 2025-12-03
网络出版日期: 2026-02-12
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(42501486)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2024YQ063)
High Spatiotemporal Resolution Remote Sensing for Precision Agricultural Disaster Early Warning: Progress, Bottlenecks, and Integrative Pathways
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XU Xiaobin, E-mail: xuxb29@126.com |
Received date: 2025-12-03
Online published: 2026-02-12
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42501486)
National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024YQ063)
Copyright
【目的/意义】 高时空分辨率遥感技术正深刻变革农业灾害管理模式,系统梳理其在气象致灾因子主导的水文胁迫、温度胁迫与结构破坏三类农业灾害监测预警中的应用进展,对于应对气候变化背景下日益严峻的农业灾害风险、构建精准高效的灾害防控技术体系具有重要理论意义与实践价值。 【进展】 本文系统阐述了“天空地”一体化观测网络的技术特征,分析了卫星、无人机与地面平台协同,光学、微波与热红外传感器互补的立体观测优势;构建了“监测-预警-决策”方法论框架,深入剖析了物理机理模型与数据驱动模型在灾害识别、过程模拟与风险研判中的技术路径与融合潜力;分灾害类型论证了干旱洪涝、高温冻害、作物倒伏等单一灾害及复合灾害在监测预警决策各环节的核心挑战与解决方案,特别强调了根区土壤水分反演、器官温度感知、多致灾因子耦合建模等关键科学问题的研究进展。 【结论/展望】 研究表明,当前农业灾害遥感管理仍面临数据壁垒、模型鸿沟、尺度效应与系统闭环断裂等共性瓶颈,未来应重点发展物理引导的机器学习方法,构建农业灾害数字孪生平台,探索面向复合灾害的智能体建模,推动农业灾害管理从被动响应向主动干预、从单点突破向系统集成的范式转变,为实现农业防灾减灾智能化提供技术支撑。
许晓斌 , 朱红春 , 李峰 , 贺威 , 杨家铭 , 李振海 . 高时空分辨率遥感支撑的农业精准灾害预警:进展、瓶颈与融合路径[J]. 智慧农业, 2026 : 1 -17 . DOI: 10.12133/j.smartag.SA202512002
[Significance] Under climate change, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events have increased markedly, posing persistent threats to global food security. Agricultural meteorological disasters, including droughts, floods, heat stress, frost damage, and mechanically induced events such as lodging and hail, are increasingly characterized by rapid onset, strong spatial heterogeneity, and compound interactions. Conventional management strategies relying mainly on post-event assessment are insufficient for timely warning and precision intervention. The development of high spatiotemporal resolution remote sensing and integrated observation systems combining satellite, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and ground-based sensing has substantially advanced agricultural disaster monitoring. These technologies enable field-scale characterization of spatial variability and detection of short-duration disaster processes at hourly to daily timescales. This review synthesizes recent progress in sky–air–ground integrated remote sensing for agricultural meteorological disaster management and establishes a unified framework linking monitoring, early warning, and decision-making, with emphasis on hydrological stress, thermal stress, and structural damage. [Progress] At the observation level, a multi-tier sensing architecture has emerged. Satellite remote sensing provides broad coverage and regular revisit cycles, forming the backbone of regional monitoring. Optical sensors support retrieval of crop structural and biochemical parameters, thermal infrared data enable canopy temperature and evapotranspiration estimation, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) offers all-weather capability for soil moisture and flood detection. Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provides direct information on crop photosynthetic function and enables early identification of physiological stress. UAV platforms complement satellites through flexible deployment and centimeter-scale resolution, allowing detailed mapping of canopy temperature and three-dimensional crop structure using multispectral, thermal, and LiDAR sensors. Ground-based meteorological stations and sensor networks provide continuous measurements for calibration and validation, although scaling point observations to spatially continuous products remains challenging. Consequently, multi-sensor integration is evolving from data stacking toward physically complementary constraint frameworks. Methodologically, two dominant approaches are used: physically based inversion and data-driven recognition. Radiative transfer models, surface energy balance methods, and SAR scattering models offer strong physical interpretability but depend on prior information and data quality. Machine learning and deep learning methods effectively capture nonlinear relationships and complex spatial patterns for disaster identification, yet remain limited by interpretability and cross-regional generalization. At the early-warning stage, crop growth models, hydrological models, and spatiotemporal prediction networks are applied to simulate disaster evolution. Hybrid models embedding physical constraints into data-driven frameworks have become a key research direction to enhance predictive robustness. Decision-support systems have expanded from threshold-based rule engines toward optimization algorithms and multi-objective frameworks, enabling warning information to be translated into actionable irrigation scheduling, protective measures, and emergency responses. Regarding specific hazards, drought monitoring has shifted from vegetation indices toward coupling root-zone soil moisture with crop physiological responses, with SIF-based indicators showing strong potential for early stress detection. Flood studies rely primarily on SAR-based inundation mapping and extend toward quantitative damage assessment. Heat and frost stress research emphasizes growth-stage-dependent dynamic thresholds. Lodging monitoring integrates structural parameters derived from optical, LiDAR, and SAR data, while hail-related studies focus on rapid post-event damage mapping. Compound and cascading disasters have become an important research frontier. [Conclusions and Prospects] High spatiotemporal resolution remote sensing has greatly enhanced the observability and early-warning potential of agricultural meteorological disasters. Nevertheless, key challenges remain, including heterogeneous data integration, scale inconsistency, uncertainty propagation, and insufficient coupling among monitoring, warning, and decision-making components. Future progress requires a systems-engineering perspective. Physically guided machine learning can bridge mechanistic understanding and data adaptability, while agricultural disaster digital twins provide a framework for dynamic interaction among observation, simulation, and decision optimization. In parallel, multi-factor time-series risk modeling and multi-agent learning are needed to better represent compound disaster processes and support intelligent, adaptive, and precision-oriented agricultural disaster management systems.
本研究不存在研究者以及与公开研究成果有关的利益冲突。
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