食品冷链能效评估与碳排放核算研究综述
收稿日期: 2023-01-10
网络出版日期: 2023-04-11
基金资助
欧盟“转化亚洲”项目EU Switch Asia(ACA/2021/428-472)
Review on Energy Efficiency Assessment and Carbon Emission Accounting of Food Cold Chain
Received date: 2023-01-10
Online published: 2023-04-11
Supported by
EU Switch Asia project (ACA/2021/428-472)
能效评估与碳排放核算可为食品冷链节能减排策略的制定提供理论工具和实践支持，同时也是实现食品冷链可持续发展的先决条件。本文首先阐述了一般食品冷链中能耗与碳排放的关系，以及太阳能值、标准煤和等效电3种能耗折算标准的原理及应用，并对食品冷链各环节能源消耗情况进行了分析。在此基础上，从宏观能效、微观能效、能源经济、环境能效、综合能效5个方面提出了10个能效指标，构建了食品冷链能效评估指标体系，并综述了其他能效评估指标和方法。此外，本文还介绍了碳排放折算标准，重点对中国电力碳排放因子作了论述，并回顾了排放因子法、生命周期评价法、投入产出法，以及混合生命周期评价法4种碳排放核算方法的由来、原理以及优缺点等，以及生命周期评价法在食品冷链碳足迹计算中的基本流程，并提出了食品冷链节能减排策略。最后，对食品冷链的能效评估与碳排放核算进行了简要展望，以期为推动中国食品冷链的可持续发展提供借鉴。
王想 , 邹金桂 , 李由 , 孙韵 , 张小栓 . 食品冷链能效评估与碳排放核算研究综述[J]. 智慧农业, 2023 , 5(1) : 1 -21 . DOI: 10.12133/j.smartag.SA202301007
The global energy is increasingly tight, and the global temperature is gradually rising. Energy efficiency assessment and carbon emission accounting can provide theoretical tools and practical support for the formulation of energy conservation and emission reduction strategies for the food cold chain, and is also a prerequisite for the sustainable development of the food cold chain. In this paper, the relationship and differences between energy consumption and carbon emissions in the general food cold chain are first described, and the principle, advantages and disadvantages of three energy consumption conversion standards of solar emergy value, standard coal and equivalent electricity are discussed. Besides, the possibilities of applying these three energy consumption conversion standards to energy consumption analysis and energy efficiency evaluation of food cold chain are explored. Then, for a batch of fresh agricultural products, the energy consumption of six links of the food cold chain, including the first transportation, the manufacturer, the second transportation, the distribution center, the third transportation, and the retailer, are systematically and comprehensively analyzed from the product level, and the comprehensive energy consumption level of the food cold chain are obtained. On this basis, ten energy efficiency indicators from five aspects of macro energy efficiency are proposed, including micro energy efficiency, energy economy, environmental energy efficiency and comprehensive energy efficiency, and constructs the energy efficiency evaluation index system of food cold chain. At the same time, other energy efficiency evaluation indicators and methods are also summarized. In addition, the standard of carbon emission conversion of food cold chain, namely carbon dioxide equivalent is introduce, the boundary of carbon emission accounting is determined, and the carbon emission factors of China's electricity is mainly discussed. Furthermore, the origin, principle, advantages and disadvantages of the emission factor method, the life cycle assessment method, the input-output analysis method and the hybrid life cycle assessment method, and the basic process of life cycle assessment method in the calculation of food cold chain carbon footprint are also reviewed. In order to improve the energy efficiency level of the food cold chain and reduce the carbon emissions of each link of the food cold chain, energy conservation and emission reduction methods for food cold chain are proposed from five aspects: refrigerant, distribution path, energy, phase change cool storage technology and digital twin technology. Finally, the energy efficiency assessment and carbon emission accounting of the food cold chain are briefly prospected in order to provide reference for promoting the sustainable development of China's food cold chain.
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