低空技术赋能智慧农业:技术体系、应用场景及挑战建议
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兰玉彬,博士,教授,研究方向为精准农业航空技术。E-mail:ylan@scau.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2025-06-13
网络出版日期: 2025-12-05
基金资助
广东省重点研发计划项目课题(2023B0202090001)
精准农业航空应用技术学科创新引智基地(“111基地”)(D18019)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32371984)
国家重点研发计划项目课题(2023YFD2000200)
精准农业航空关键技术与装备(NT2021009)
国家棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-22)
Low-Altitude Technology Empowering Smart Agriculture: Technical System, Application Scenarios, and Challenge Recommendations
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LAN Yubin, E-mail: ylan@scau.edu.cn |
Received date: 2025-06-13
Online published: 2025-12-05
Supported by
Key Research and Development Program Project of Guangdong Province(2023B0202090001)
Precision Agriculture Aviation Application Technology Discipline Innovation and Talent Introduction Base ('Base 111')(D18019)
National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program(32371984)
National Key Research and Development Program Project(2023YFD2000200)
Key Technologies and Equipment for Precision Agricultural Aviation(NT2021009)
National Cotton Industry Technology System(CARS-15-22)
Copyright
[目的/意义] 随着低空技术在通信传输、负载能力和智能算法上的快速迭代,农业生产的作业模式正发生深刻变革。以无人机为代表的低空飞行器作为低空技术在农业领域的核心载体,已从单一的植保工具升级为集数据采集、长势监测、精准喷施于一体的智能农业平台,通过“三维一体”技术化体系重构农田管理方式,推动传统农业向数字化、网络化、智能化的智慧农业跨越。 [进展] 本文首先介绍了低空技术赋能智慧农业的作用机制,结合低空作业装备、低空遥感与识别技术、低空数据处理与分析技术、精准作业与监管技术介绍了农业低空技术体系。之后分析了低空技术赋能智慧农业的应用场景,重点介绍了低空技术在智慧果园和生态无人农场的实践。 [结论/展望] 目前发展以低空技术为载体的农业低空经济面临技术、成本、标准、生态,以及人才等多方面的挑战,本研究提出了打造垂直整合、水平扩展、时空协同“三维一体”技术体系,完善技术标准,构建全链条融合的农业低空产业生态,强化政策引领与人才培育,激活农业低空经济新动能等促进农业低空经济发展的系列建议,可为未来低空技术农业应用及发展农业低空经济提供方向指南。
兰玉彬 , 王朝锋 , 孙贺光 , 陈盛德 , 王国宾 , 邓小玲 , 王元杰 . 低空技术赋能智慧农业:技术体系、应用场景及挑战建议[J]. 智慧农业, 2025 , 7(6) : 18 -34 . DOI: 10.12133/j.smartag.SA202506025
[Significance] Agricultural low altitude agricultural technology, with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as its primary platform, integrates 5G communication, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things to support data acquisition, analysis, and decision making throughout agricultural production. These advances are driving a transition from traditional experience based management toward a model in which data serve as the primary basis for decisions. As low altitude technology continues to advance in communication capacity, payload performance, and onboard processing, agricultural operations are undergoing profound changes. UAVs once used mainly for crop protection spraying have gradually evolved into multifunctional platforms capable of data collection, crop growth monitoring, image interpretation, precise input application, and operational assistance. Supported by a three dimensional integrated framework, which includes vertical integration, horizontal expansion, and spatio-temporal coordination, low altitude systems are reshaping field management structures, operational modes, and decision making processes. This transformation is accelerating the digitalization, networking, and intelligent upgrading of agriculture. The aim is to provide theoretical guidance and technical pathways for the broader application of low altitude technology in agriculture and to support the exploration of sustainable development models and industrial layouts for the low altitude agricultural economy. [Progress] The core contribution of low altitude technology to smart agriculture lies in establishing a complete sensing, decision, execution, and feedback cycle and implementing a four level structure comprising infrastructure, core technologies, application support, and scenario deployment. The infrastructure layer relies on 4G/5G networks, RTK high precision positioning, and ground based sensor systems. Multi source data are acquired through UAV mounted multi-spectral and thermal sensors working in coordination with ground monitoring devices to capture information on crop conditions and field environments. The core technology layer utilizes edge computing, cloud platforms, and analytical models to support growth assessment, pest and disease warnings, and other forms of analysis. At the application layer, UAVs operate in collaboration with ground equipment to implement precise crop protection, seeding, and irrigation, while also extending to field monitoring and agricultural logistics. This paper focuses on agricultural low altitude agricultural technology, summarizes its mechanisms and systematically reviews the associated technical system from the perspectives of operational equipment, low altitude remote sensing and recognition, data processing and analysis, and precision operation and supervision. It further examines key functions enabling agricultural intelligence. Drawing on recent research and representative cases, the paper discusses practical applications in depth. In smart orchards, for example, the South China Agricultural University Smart Patrol system combined with the Lichi Jun model can deliver early pest and disease warnings two to three weeks before outbreak and support yield estimation. In ecological unmanned farms, integrated sky, air, and ground monitoring enables autonomous operation across plowing, planting, management, and harvesting. In production operations, agricultural UAVs have accumulated over 7.5 billion mu (500 million hectare) times of service area globally, covering nearly one third of China's cultivated land area, saving approximately 210 million tons of water, and reducing carbon emissions by approximately 25.72 million tons. In logistics scenarios, transport assisted by UAVs in mountainous orchards improves efficiency more than tenfold while keeping damage rates below three percent. [Conclusions and Prospects] Sensors remain fundamental tools for capturing agricultural information and reflecting crop growth conditions. Developing highly generalizable technical modules helps lower application barriers and improve operational efficiency, while fusing multi scale data partially compensates for the limitations of single source information. Despite rapid progress, the low altitude agricultural economy still faces challenges including technological maturity, application cost, standardization, industrial integration, and workforce development. Based on an analysis of these challenges, this paper proposes building a three dimensional integrated technology framework featuring vertical integration, horizontal expansion, and spatio-temporal coordination; promoting the improvement and unification of technical standards; constructing an integrated industry ecosystem spanning research, manufacturing, application, and service; and strengthening policy support, industry norms, and talent training systems. These measures are expected to accelerate the emergence of new drivers of growth in the low altitude agricultural economy.
本研究不存在研究者以及与公开研究成果有关的利益冲突。
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