叫声在生猪福利监测中的研究进展与挑战

doi:10.12133/j.smartag.SA202204004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

叫声是评估生猪福利水平的重要方式之一。本文首先分析了生猪叫声与福利之间的相互关系。其中，与生猪福利密切相关的三种生猪叫声包括咳嗽声、尖叫声和呼噜声。基于这三种声音进一步分析声音与环境，声音与身体状况，以及声音与健康之间的关系。随后，对当下的生猪福利监测所采用的传感器，包括穿戴式与非接触式两大类进行分析，并简述不同方式的优劣势。基于非接触式的优势及麦克风传感器技术的可行性，从声音的获取和标记、特征提取以及声音分类三个方面对现有的生猪声音处理技术进行了阐述和评估。最后，从声音监测技术、生猪个体福利监测、商业应用以及养猪从业者四个角度讨论了叫声在生猪福利监测中面临的研究困境以及发展趋势。研究发现，目前关于生猪声音分析的研究大多集中在分类器的选择和识别算法的改进上，而对端点检测和特征选择的研究较少。同时，当下面临的主要挑战还包括不同生长阶段的音频数据获取难度较高，缺乏公共的猪舍内音频数据库以及缺少完善的声音指标与动物福利监测评价体系。总体来说，建议进一步对声音识别过程中涉及的各部分技术进行深入探索，同时加强跨学科专家之间的合作，共同推动声音监测在生猪实际生产中的应用，从而加快精准畜牧业的实现。

关键词: 生猪声音识别, 动物福利, 声音分析, 特征提取, 精准畜牧业, 声音监测

Abstract:

Pig welfare is closely related to the economical production of pig farms. With regard to pig welfare assessment, pig sounds are significant indicators, which can reflect the quality of the barn environment, the physical condition and the health of pigs. Therefore, pig sound analysis is of high priority and necessary. In this review, the relationship between pig sound and welfare was analyzed. Three kinds of pig sounds are closely related to pig welfare, including coughs, screams, and grunts. Subsequently, both wearable and non-contact sensors were briefly described in two aspects of advantages and disadvantages. Based on the advantages and feasibility of microphone sensors in contactless way, the existing techniques for processing pig sounds were elaborated and evaluated for further in-depth research from three aspects: sound recording and labeling, feature extraction, and sound classification. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of pig sound research were discussed for the ultimate purpose of precision livestock farming (PLF) in four ways: concerning sound monitoring technologies, individual pig welfare monitoring, commercial applications and pig farmers. In summary, it was found that most of the current researches on pig sound recognition tasks focused on the selection of classifiers and algorithm improvement, while fewer research was conducted on sound labeling and feature extraction. Meanwhile, pig sound recognition faces some challenging problems, involving the difficulty in obtaining the audio data from different pig growth stages and verifying the developed algorithms in a variety of pig farms. Overall, it is suggested that technologies involved in the automatic identification process should be explored in depth. In the future, strengthen cooperation among cross-disciplinary experts to promote the development and application of PLF is also nessary.

Key words: pig sound classification, animal welfare, sound analysis, feature extraction, precision livestock farming, sound monitering

中图分类号:

纪楠, 尹艳玲, 沈维政, 寇胜利, 戴百生, 王国维. 叫声在生猪福利监测中的研究进展与挑战[J]. 智慧农业(中英文), 2022, 4(2): 19-35.

JI Nan, YIN Yanling, SHEN Weizheng, KOU Shengli, DAI Baisheng, WANG Guowei. Pig Sound Analysis: A Measure of Welfare[J]. Smart Agriculture, 2022, 4(2): 19-35.

图/表 3

Sounds	Indicators	Welfare	Production phase	Year
Coughs^［16］	Air quality	Environment	Weaners	2019
Coughs^［15］	Air quality	Environment	Weaners	2004
Coughs， sneezes^［17］	Air quality	Environment	Fattening	2022
Coughs^［28］	Respiratory disease	Health	Fattening	2001
Coughs^［29］	Respiratory disease	Health	Fattening	2008
Coughs^［30］	Respiratory disease	Health	Fattening	2008
Coughs^［31］	Respiratory disease	Health	Fattening	2008
Coughs^［32］	Respiratory disease	Health	Fattening	2008
Coughs^［33］	Respiratory disease	Health	Fattening	2008
Coughs^［34］	Respiratory disease	Health	Fattening	2008
Coughs^［35］	Wasting disease	Health	Fattening	2010
Coughs^［36］	Respiratory disease	Health	Fattening	2013
Coughs^［37］	Wasting disease	Health	Weaners	2013
Coughs^［38］	Wasting disease	Health	Weaners	2016
Coughs^［39］	Respiratory disease	Health	/	2020
Coughs^［40］	Wasting disease	Health	/	2020
Coughs^［41］	Respiratory disease	Health	Fattening	2021
Coughs^［42］	Respiratory disease	Health	Fattening	2021
Coughs， screams^［43］	Respiratory disease	Health	Farrowing	2016
Coughs， screams^［44］	Respiratory disease	Health	Farrowing	2020
Coughs^［45］	Respiratory disease	Health	/	2017
Coughs^［46］	Respiratory disease	Health	/	2019
Coughs^［47］	Respiratory disease	Health	/	2020
Coughs^［48］	Respiratory disease	Health	/	2020
Coughs^［49］	Respiratory disease	Health	Fattening	2019
Coughs^［50］	Respiratory disease	Health	Fattening	2019
Screams^［51］	Stress	Health	Piglets	2009
Screams^［27］	Stress	Physical condition	Piglets	2008
Screams^［21］	Stress	Physical condition	Piglets	2009
Screams^［22］	Stress	Physical condition	/	2012
Screams， grunts^［13］	Stress	Environment	Piglets	2013
Screams^［14］	Stress	Environment	Piglets	2020
Screams^［18］	Stress	Physical condition	/	2014
Screams， grunts^［23］	Stress	Physical condition	Piglets	2003
Screams^［25］	Stress	Physical condition	Fattening	2015
Screams^［52］	Distress	Physical condition	Farrowing， nursery， growing， and finishing	2018
Screams^［26］	Distress	Physical condition	Piglets	2016
Screams^［24］	Stress	Physical condition	Piglets	2018
Grunts， screams， howls^［19］	Distress	Physical condition	Farrowing	2020
Coughs， screams， howls^［20］	Distress	Physical condition	/	2017

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