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粮食生产大数据平台研究进展与展望

杨贵军1,2(), 赵春江1, 杨小冬1, 杨浩1, 胡海棠1, 龙慧灵1, 裘正军3, 李娴4, 江冲亚5, 孙亮6, 陈雷7, 周清波4, 郝星耀1, 郭威1, 王培8, 高美玲2   

  1. 1. 北京市农林科学院信息技术研究中心,北京 100097,中国
    2. 长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西 西安 710054,中国
    3. 浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江 杭州 310058,中国
    4. 中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,北京 100081,中国
    5. 南京农业大学国家信息农业工程技术中心,江苏 南京 210095,中国
    6. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081,中国
    7. 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院智能机械研究所,安徽 合肥 230031,中国
    8. 北京市农林科学院智能装备技术研究中心,北京 100097,中国
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-19 出版日期:2025-01-21
  • 基金项目:
    “十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2000100)
  • 通信作者:
    杨贵军,博士,研究员,研究方向为农业定量遥感机理模型及应用研究。E-mail:

Grain Production Big Data Platform: Progress and Prospects

YANG Guijun1,2(), ZHAO Chunjiang1, YANG Xiaodong1, YANG Hao1, HU Haitang1, LONG Huiling1, QIU Zhengjun3, LI Xian4, JIANG Chongya5, SUN Liang6, CHEN Lei7, ZHOU Qingbo4, HAO Xingyao1, GUO Wei1, WANG Pei8, GAO Meiling2   

  1. 1. Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
    2. College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Changan University, Xi'an 710054, China
    3. College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
    4. Agricultural Information Institute of CAAS, Beijing 100081, China
    5. National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
    6. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    7. Institute of intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
    8. Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
  • Received:2024-09-19 Online:2025-01-21
  • Foundation items:The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2000100)
  • Corresponding author:
    YANG Guijun, E-mail:

摘要:

[目的/意义] 农业大数据爆炸式发展,加速农业生产迈入数字化、智能化新时代。作为新质生产力,大数据服务于粮食生产全过程综合智能化管理决策,面临粮食生产大数据资源治理机制不明、全链条化粮食生产决策核心算法体系缺乏且对外依存度高、粮食生产全过程全要素的大数据平台缺乏等问题。 [进展] 本文综合分析了国内外粮食生产大数据、农情监测与智能决策算法、大数据平台方面的相关进展和面临的挑战,面向产前规划、产中监测与决策、产后综合评价等粮食生产全程管理决策需求,构建由多源异构粮食生产大数据治理、粮食生产知识图谱、“数据获取-信息提取-知识构建-智能决策-农机作业”全链条标准化算法体系、数字孪生典型应用场景等环节组成的粮食生产大数据智能平台。 [结论/展望] 应重点关注宏观管理监测和微观农场全程智能化生产作业需求,聚焦粮食生产典型应用场景,充分融合大数据与人工智能、数字孪生及云边端等新技术,探索技术联通集成为本,智能化服务为魂的大数据平台研发路径,创建开放式作物与环境传感接入、核心算法成熟度分级与云原生封装、高效数据与决策服务响应等为核心特色的开放共生型粮食生产大数据平台,实现数据-算法-服务全链条智能化、决策信息与智能装备作业一体化、粮食生产大数据平台与应用体系标准化,形成保障粮食安全高效绿色生产的新质生产力。

关键词: 粮食生产, 大数据平台, 农情监测, 智能算法, 决策支持, 新质生产力

Abstract:

[Significance] The explosive development of agricultural big data has accelerated agricultural production into a new era of digitalization and intelligentialize. Agricultural big data is the core element to promote agricultural modernization and the foundation of intelligent agriculture. As a new productive forces, big data enhances the comprehensive intelligent management decision-making during the whole process of grain production. But it facing the problems such as the indistinct management mechanism of grain production big data resources, the lack of the full-chain decision-making algorithm system and big data platform for the whole process and full elements of grain production. [Progress] The big data platform for grain production is a comprehensive service platform that uses modern information technologies such as big data, Internet of Things, remote sensing and cloud computing, and provides intelligent decision-making support for the whole process of grain production based on intelligent algorithms for data collection, processing, analysis and monitoring related to grain production. This paper reviews the progress and challenges in grain production big data, monitoring and decision-making algorithms, as well as big data platforms in China and worldwide. With the development of the Internet of Things and high-resolution multi-modal remote sensing technology, the massive agricultural big data generated by the "Space-Air-Ground" Integrated Agricultural Monitoring System, has laid an important foundation for smart agriculture and promoted the shift of smart agriculture from model-driven to data-driven. However, there are still some problems in field management decision-making, such as the requirements for high spatio-temporal resolution and timeliness of the information are difficult to meet, and the algorithm migration and localization methods based on big data need to be studied. In addition, the agricultural machinery operation and spatio-temporal scheduling algorithm based on remote sensing and Internet of Things monitoring information to determine the appropriate operation time window and operation prescription, needs to be further developed, especially the cross-regional scheduling algorithm of agricultural machinery for summer harvest in China. Aiming at the problems that the monitoring and decision-making algorithms of grain production are not bi-connected, and the integration of agricultural machinery and information perception is insufficient, a framework of the grain production big data intelligent platform is proposed based on digital twins. The platform is based on multi-source heterogeneous grain production big data, incorporates with the full-chain standardized algorithms including data acquisition, information extraction, knowledge map construction, intelligent decision-making, full-chain collaboration of agricultural machinery operations, involving the typical application scenarios such as irrigation, fertilization, pests and diseases, drought and flood disaster emergency response, by digital twins. [Conclusions and Prospects] The emphasis should be the requirements of monitoring at macro-level management and intelligent production at micro-level farm, fully integrating big data technology with artificial intelligence, digital twin, cloud-edge computing, and other emerging technologies. The suggestions and trend for development of grain production big data platform are summarized in three aspects. (1) Creating an open, symbiotic grain production big data platform, with core characteristics such as open interface for crop and environmental sensors, maturity grading and cloud-native packaging mechanism of the core algorithms, highly efficient response to data and decision services. (2) Focusing on the typical application scenarios of grain production, take the exploration of technology integration and bi-directional connectivity as the base, and the intelligent service as the soul of the development path for the big data platform research. (3) the data-algorithm-service self-organizing regulation mechanism, the integration of decision-making information with the intelligent equipment operation, and the standardized, compatible and open service capabilities, can form the new quality productivity forces ensuring food safety, and green efficiency grain production.

Key words: grain production, big data platform, agricultural condition monitoring, intelligent algorithm, decision support, new productive forces

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