Design and Test of Dust Removal Seeding Rate Monitoring System for Rapeseed Seeders

doi:10.12133/j.smartag.SA202401011

Abstract

Abstract:

[Objective] The pneumatic rapeseed seeder easily inhales the dust generated during live broadcast operations into the seeding pipe, and then releases it along with the rapeseed. Consequently, when monitoring the rapeseed flow, dust interference can affect the flow, detection sensitivity and accuracy. This research aims to develop a dust removal rapeseed seeding rate monitoring system suitable for air-assisted pneumatic rapeseed seeders to improve the transparency and intelligence of the sowing process. [Methods] The monitoring system comprised a dust removal rapeseed seed flow detection device and a sowing monitoring terminal, which could be adjusted for different seeders widths by altering the number of detection devices. The rapeseed stream sensing structure operated on the principle of photoelectric induction. A delicate light layer was generated using an LED light source and a narrow slit structure. The convex lens condenses the light and directed it onto the sensing area of the silicon photovoltaic cell. When the rapeseed seeds pass through the sensing light layer, the silicon photovoltaic cell produced a voltage change signal. The signal converts it into a pulse signal that can be recognized by the microcontroller. A dust removal mechanism was designed by analyzing dust sources in the seeding system during normal field operation of the air-assisted rapeseed seeding machine and understanding the impact mechanism of the dust detection device on the accuracy of rapeseed flow monitoring. This mechanism employed a transparent plate to protect the photoelectric induction device in a relatively enclosed space and used a stepper motor screw mechanism to generate friction between the transparent plate and the dust removal cloth for effective dust removal. The appropriate size of the dust shield was determined by comparing its movement stroke with other structural dimensions of the detection device. The relationship between the silicon photocells voltage and detection accuracy was established through experiments at seeding frequencies of 10‒40 Hz. To ensure that the real-time detection accuracy was not less than 90%, the dust removal control threshold was set at 82% of the initial voltage value. In order to prevent congestion and data loss during data transmission and improve the scalability and compatibility of the monitoring system, data transmission between the detection device and the monitoring terminal was implemented based on the CAN2.0A communication protocol. The structural framework and monitoring terminal functions of the rapeseed sowing monitoring system were outlined. Software functions of the detection device were designed to meet the dust removal, communication, and rapeseed flow detection needs. The program execution process of the detection device was explained. In order to provide data support for the dust flow rate that should be controlled at various seeding frequencies during the bench test, experiments were conducted in the field to obtain theoretical data. [Results and Discussions] The comparison bench test of the detection device indicates that with the average seeding frequency ranging from 12.4 to 36.3 Hz and the average dust flow rate ranging from 252 to 386 mg/s, the detection accuracy after two dust removal cycles without a dustproof and dust removal detection device was not higher than 80.2%. The dust detection device with dust removal got an accuracy rate of not less than 90.2%, and the average detection accuracy rate within a single dust removal cycle was not less than 93.6%. The seeding amount monitoring bench test showed that when the average seeding frequency was no higher than 37.6 Hz, the seeding rate monitoring accuracy was not less than 92.2%. Furthermore, the field sowing experiment results demonstrated that at a normal operating speed (2.8‒4.6 km/h) of the rapeseed direct seeder, with a field sowing frequency of 14.8‒31.1 Hz, the accuracy of sowing quantity monitoring was not less than 93.1%. [Conclusions] The rapeseed sowing quality monitoring system provides effective support for precise detection even when operating in dusty conditions with the pneumatic rapeseed direct seeder. In the future, by integrating positioning data, sowing information, and fertilization monitoring data through CAN bus technology, a comprehensive field sowing and fertilization status map can be created to further enhance the system's capabilities.

Key words: rapeseed seed flow detection, seed, dust removal, monitoring system, accurate counting

LI Qiang, YU Qiuli, LI Haopeng, XU Chunbao, DING Youchun. Design and Test of Dust Removal Seeding Rate Monitoring System for Rapeseed Seeders[J]. Smart Agriculture, 2024, 6(3): 107-117.

Figures/Tables 15

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试验号	挡位	时间/s	粉尘质量/mg	平均粉尘流量/（mg/s）
1	慢I挡	64	16 124	252
2	慢Ⅱ挡	48	15 692	327
3	慢Ⅲ挡	40	15 445	386

传感装置序号	电机转速3 r/min				电机转速7 r/min				电机转速12 r/min
传感装置序号	监测播量/粒	实际播量/粒	平均排种频率/Hz	监测准确率/%	监测播量/粒	实际播量/粒	平均排种频率/Hz	监测准确率/%	监测播量/粒	实际播量/粒	平均排种频率/Hz	监测准确率/%
1	2 207	2 285	11.4	96.6	3 401	3 568	22.3	95.3	4 467	4 788	36.8	93.3
2	2 178	2 241	11.2	97.2	3 158	3 310	20.7	95.4	4 472	4 835	37.2	92.5
3	2 633	2 740	13.7	96.1	3 499	3 645	22.8	96.0	4 411	4 733	36.4	93.2
4	2 493	2 583	12.9	96.5	3 320	3 488	21.8	95.2	4 249	4 540	34.9	93.6
5	2 359	2 442	12.2	96.6	3 574	3 731	23.3	95.8	4 333	4 639	35.7	93.4
6	2 302	2 378	11.9	96.8	3 745	3 917	24.5	95.7	4 404	4 756	36.6	92.6
7	2 572	2 668	13.3	96.4	3 592	3 776	23.6	95.1	4 267	4 566	35.1	93.4
8	2 407	2 494	12.5	96.5	3 529	3 711	23.2	95.1	4 501	4 882	37.6	92.2

挡位（速度）/（km/h）	排种时间/s	传感装置序号	监测播量/粒	实际播量/粒	监测准确率/%
慢I挡（2.8）	131	1	1 862	1 938	96.1
		2	1 969	2 043	96.4
		3	2 095	2 187	95.8
		4	2 124	2 213	96.0
		5	2 149	2 253	95.4
		6	1 980	2 069	95.7
		7	2 178	2 271	95.9
		8	2 051	2 135	96.1
慢Ⅱ挡（3.8）	98	1	1 962	2 048	95.8
		2	2 066	2 166	95.4
		3	2 025	2 125	95.3
		4	2 307	2 411	95.7
		5	1 989	2 097	94.9
		6	2 100	2 205	95.2
		7	2 176	2 283	95.3
		8	1 927	2 018	95.5
慢Ⅲ挡（4.6）	77	1	2 139	2 295	93.2
		2	2 091	2 210	94.6
		3	2 143	2 287	93.7
		4	2 001	2 117	94.5
		5	2 178	2 340	93.1
		6	2 080	2 218	93.8
		7	2 234	2 394	93.3
		8	2 197	2 333	94.2

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