果园多风道喷雾机送风系统设计优化与试验

doi:10.12133/j.smartag.SA202201015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对果园多风道喷雾机内部气流分布不均导致由出风口吹出的气流紊乱、影响使雾滴在果树冠层上均匀沉积的问题，对多风道喷雾机内部导流板长度参数进行了优化。应用计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD）技术，基于Star-CCM+软件对喷雾机送风系统内部气流进行了模拟分析，得到出风口1~6的风速在不同导流板长度的标准差分别为0.7468、0.6776、1.4441、5.1305、4.5768和0.8209。对风速标准差较大的出风口3、出风口4、出风口5进行响应面分析，最终确定导流板1长度200.00 mm、导流板2长度60.00 mm、导流板3长度50.00 mm为最优参数组合。在最优组合参数下，计算得到对称出风口3和出风口6的风速值分别为39.135和41.320 m/s，相对偏差为5.58%；出风口4和出风口5的风速值分别为33.022和34.328 m/s，相对偏差为3.95%，符合设计要求。室内风速试验结果表明，在距离喷雾机出风口1.25 m处，风场风速由上层到下层逐渐增大，实现风场按果树冠层形状分布，喷雾机左右两侧风场对称分布，气流分布均匀。果园多风道喷雾机设计满足要求，可为同类设计提供参考。

关键词: 计算流体力学, 多风道喷雾机, 送风系统, 流场仿真, 响应面法, 均匀沉积

Abstract:

In view of the uneven distribution of airflow inside the multi-air-duct sprayer, the air flow caused by the air outlet is disturbed and the droplet can not be evenly deposited on the fruit tree canopy. In this research, the length parameter of the inner baffle plate of the multi-duct sprayer was optimized. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate and analyze the internal airflow of the air supply system of the multi-duct sprayer based on Star-CCM+ software. The standard deviations of the wind speed of the wind outlet 1~6 at different guide plates were 0.7468, 0.6776, 1.4441, 5.1305, 4.5768 and 0.8209, respectively. Among them, the standard deviations of wind speed value at Point 1, Point 2 and Point 6 were less than 1, indicating that the change of deflector length has little impact on the speed change. The standard deviations of wind speed value at Point 3, Point 4 and Point 5 were large, indicating that with the change of deflector length, the wind speed at Air outlet 3, Air outlet 4, Air outlet 5 were greatly affected. On this basis, through the response surface analysis of Air outlet 3, Air outlet 4 and Air outlet 5, it was determined that, the length of Deflector 1 as 200 mm, the length of Deflector 2 as 60 mm and the length of Deflector 3 as 50 mm, was the optimal parameter combination. Under the optimal combination parameters, the wind speed values of symmetrical Air outlet 3 and Air outlet 6 were 39.135 and 41.320 m/s, respectively, with a relative deviations of 5.58%. The wind speed values of air outlet 4 and air outlet 5 were 33.022 and 34.328 m/s, respectively, with a relative deviation of 3.95%, which meeting the design requirements of sprayer. The indoor wind speed test results showed that the average wind speed of the upper layer was 15.75 m/s, the average wind speed of the middle layer was 20.83 m/s, and the average wind speed of the lower layer was 28.27 m/s, which met the end speed principle. The wind field was distributed according to the shape of the fruit tree canopy. The wind field of the left and right sides of the sprayer was symmetrical distributed and the air distribution was uniform. The work can provide a reference for the design of multi-duct sprayer.

Key words: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), multi-duct sprayer, air supply system, flow field simulation, response surface methodology, uniform deposition

中图分类号:

S491

郭江鹏, 王鹏飞, 李昕昊, 杨欣, 李建平, 边永亮, 薛春林. 果园多风道喷雾机送风系统设计优化与试验[J]. 智慧农业(中英文), 2022, 4(3): 75-85.

GUO Jiangpeng, WANG Pengfei, LI Xinhao, YANG Xin, LI Jianping, BIAN Yongliang, XUE Chunlin. Design Optimization and Test of Air Supply System for Multi-Duct Sprayer[J]. Smart Agriculture, 2022, 4(3): 75-85.

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水平	试验因素
水平	L₁/mm	L₂/mm	L₃/mm
1	225.00	85.00	65.00
0	200.00	60.00	50.00
-1	175.00	35.00	35.00

试验序号	L₁/mm	L₂/mm	L₃/mm
1	175.00	35.00	35.00
2	200.00	60.00	35.00
3	225.00	35.00	50.00
4	175.00	60.00	35.00
5	200.00	60.00	50.00
6	225.00	60.00	35.00
7	175.00	60.00	65.00
8	200.00	85.00	35.00
9	225.00	60.00	65.00

方差来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值	显著性
模型	35.38	9	3.93	362.49	< 0.0001	显著
A-导流板1长度	9.24	1	9.24	851.81	< 0.0001	极显著
B-导流板2长度	0.13	1	0.13	12.36	0.0098	极显著
C-导流板3长度	0.24	1	0.24	22.53	0.0021	极显著
AB	0.067	1	0.07	6.11	0.0427	显著
AC	0.14	1	0.14	13.26	0.0083	极显著
BC	0.11	1	0.11	9.72	0.0169	显著
A²	14.32	1	14.32	1320.81	< 0.0001	极显著
B²	7.53	1	7.53	694.51	< 0.0001	极显著
C²	1.42	1	1.42	131.36	< 0.0001	极显著
残差	0.08	7	0.01
失拟项	0.08	3	0.03
纯误差	0.00	4	0.00
总离差	35.45	16

方差来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值	显著性
模型	465.72	9	51.75	25.54	0.0002	显著
A-导流板1长度	130.42	1	130.42	64.36	< 0.0001	极显著
B-导流板2长度	153.08	1	153.08	75.54	< 0.0001	极显著
C-导流板3长度	13.83	1	13.83	6.82	0.0348	显著
AB	20.09	1	20.09	9.91	0.0162	显著
AC	57.22	1	57.22	28.24	0.0011	极显著
BC	11.86	1	11.86	5.85	0.0461	显著
A²	40.49	1	40.49	19.98	0.0029	极显著
B²	20.51	1	20.51	10.12	0.0155	显著
C²	21.92	1	21.92	10.82	0.0133	显著
残差	14.18	7	2.03
失拟项	14.18	3	4.73
纯误差	0.00	4	0.00
总离差	479.90	16

方差来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值	显著性
模型	363.88	9	40.43	143.45	< 0.0001	显著
A-导流板1长度	177.14	1	177.14	628.50	< 0.0001	极显著
B-导流板2长度	100.46	1	100.46	356.43	< 0.0001	极显著
C-导流板3长度	6.00	1	6.00	21.28	0.0024	极显著
AB	58.26	1	58.26	206.70	< 0.0001	极显著
AC	3.09	1	3.09	10.96	0.0129	显著
BC	3.03	1	3.03	10.75	0.0135	显著
A²	2.04	1	2.04	7.25	0.0310	显著
B²	11.99	1	11.99	42.55	0.0003	极显著
C²	1.99	1	1.99	7.06	0.0326	显著
残差	1.97	7	0.29
失拟项	1.97	3	0.66
纯误差	0.00	4	0.00
总离差	365.85	16