机载遥感系统在精准农业中的应用

doi:10.12133/j.smartag.2020.2.1.201909-SA004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

数十年来，遥感技术一直被用作精准农业的重要数据采集工具。根据距离地面的高度，遥感平台主要包括卫星、有人驾驶飞机、无人驾驶飞机系统和地面车辆。这些遥感平台上搭载的绝大多数传感器是成像传感器，也可以安装激光雷达等其他传感器。近年来，卫星成像传感器的发展极大地缩小了基于飞机的成像传感器在空间、光谱和时间分辨率方面的差距。最近几年，作为低成本遥感平台的无人机系统的出现极大地填补了有人驾驶飞机与地面平台之间的间距。有人飞机具有飞行高度灵活、飞行速度快、载荷量大、飞行时间长、飞行限制少以及耐候性强等优势，因此在未来仍将是主要的精准农业遥感平台。本文的第1部分概述了遥感传感器的类型和三个主要的遥感平台（即卫星、有人驾驶飞机和无人驾驶飞机系统）。接下来的两个部分重点介绍用于精准农业的有人机载成像系统，包括由安装在农用飞机上的消费级相机组成的系统，并详细描述了部分定制和商用机载成像系统，包括多光谱相机、高光谱相机和热成像相机。第4部分提供了五个应用实例，说明如何将不同类型的遥感图像用于精准农业应用中的作物生长评估和作物病虫害管理。最后简要讨论了将不同遥感平台和成像系统用于精准农业上的一些挑战和未来的努力方向。

关键词: 机载成像系统, 载人飞机, 多光谱图像, 高光谱图像, 远红外图像, 精准农业

Abstract:

Remote sensing has been used as an important data acquisition tool for precision agriculture for decades. Based on their height above the earth, remote sensing platforms mainly include satellites, manned aircraft, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and ground-based vehicles. A vast majority of sensors carried on these platforms are imaging sensors, though other sensors such as lidars can be mounted. In recent years, advances in satellite imaging sensors have greatly narrowed the gaps in spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions with aircraft-based sensors. More recently, the availability of UAS as a low-cost remote sensing platform has significantly filled the gap between manned aircraft and ground-based platforms. Nevertheless, manned aircraft remain to be a major remote sensing platform and offer some advantages over satellites or UAS. Compared with UAS, manned aircraft have flexible flight height, fast speed, large payload capacity, long flight time, few flight restrictions and great weather tolerance. The first section of the article provided an overview of the types of remote sensors and the three major remote sensing platforms (i.e., satellites, manned aircraft and UAS). The next two sections focused on manned aircraft-based airborne imaging systems that have been used for precision agriculture, including those consisting of consumer-grade cameras mounted on agricultural aircraft. Numerous custom-made and commercial airborne imaging systems were reviewed, including multispectral, hyperspectral and thermal cameras. Five application examples were provided in the fourth section to illustrate how different types of remote sensing imagery have been used for crop growth assessment and crop pest management for practical precision agriculture applications. Finally, some challenges and future efforts on the use of different platforms and imaging systems for precision agriculture were briefly discussed.

Key words: airborne imaging system, manned aircraft, multispectral imagery, hyperspectral imagery, thermal imagery, precision agriculture

中图分类号:

杨成海. 机载遥感系统在精准农业中的应用[J]. 智慧农业（中英文）, 2020, 2(1): 1-22.

Yang Chenghai. Airborne remote sensing systems for precision agriculture applications[J]. Smart Agriculture, 2020, 2(1): 1-22.

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