Automatic Spraying Technology and Facilities for Pipeline Spraying in Mountainous Orchards

doi:10.12133/j.smartag.SA202205005

Abstract

Abstract:

The orchard in the mountainous area is rugged and steep, and there is no road for large-scale plant protection machinery traveling in the orchard, so it is difficult for mobile spraying machinery to enter. In order to solve the above problems, the automatic pipeline spraying technology and facilities were studied. A pipeline automatic spraying facility suitable for mountainous orchards was designed, which included spraying head, field spraying pipeline, automatic spraying controller and spraying groups. The spraying head was composed of a spraying unit and a constant pressure control system, which pressurized the pesticide liquid and stabilized the liquid pressure according to the preset pressure value to ensure a better atomization effect. Field spraying pipeline consisted of main pipeline, valves and spraying groups. In order to perform automatic spraying, a solenoid valve was installed between the main pipeline and each spraying group, and the automatic spraying operation of each spraying group was controlled automatically by the opening or closing of the solenoid valve. An automatic spraying controller composed of main controller, solenoid valve driving circuit, solenoid valve controlling node and power supplying unit was developed, and the controlling software was also programmed in this research. The main controller had manual and automatic two working modes. The solenoid valve controlling node was used to send wireless signals to the main controller and receive wireless signals from the main controller, and open or close the corresponding solenoid valve according to the received control signal. During the spraying operation, the pesticide liquid flowed into the orchard from the spray head through the pipeline. The automatic spray controller was used to control the solenoid valve to open or close the spray group one by one, and implement manual control or automatic control of spraying. In order to determine the continuous opening time of the solenoid valve, an effectiveness of the spray test was carried out. The spraying test results showed that spraying effectiveness could be guaranteed by opening solenoid valve for 8 s continuously. The efficiency of this pipeline automatic spraying facility was 2.61 hm²/h, which was 45－150 times that of manual spraying, and 2.1 times that of unmanned aerial vehicle spraying. The automatic pipeline spraying technology in mountainous orchards had obvious advantages in the timeliness of pest controlling. This research can provide references and ideas for the development of spray technology and intelligent spraying facilities in mountainous orchards.

Key words: mountainous orchard, spraying pipeline, automatic spray, solenoid valve, intelligent application facilities, liquid medicine pressure loss

CLC Number:

SONG Shuran, HU Shengyang, SUN Daozong, DAI Qiufang, XUE Xiuyun, XIE Jiaxing, LI Zhen. Automatic Spraying Technology and Facilities for Pipeline Spraying in Mountainous Orchards[J]. Smart Agriculture, 2022, 4(3): 86-94.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig.7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Table 1

References 20

1	AGNELLO A M, LANDERS A J. Current progress in the development a fixed spraying applicator system for high-density plantings 2005[EB/OL]. [2014-04-12] ‎.
2	AGNELLO A M, LANDERS A J. Optimization of a fixed spray system for commercial high-density apple plantings[R]. Final Report 2007 to North East IPM Center, 2007.
3	AGNELLO A M, LANDERS A J. Progress in the development of an in-canopy fixed spraying system for high-density apple orchards[C] // Camille Parmesan, 87th Annual Orchard Pest and Disease Management Conference. Washington, USA: Washington State University Press, 2013.
4	OTTO S, LODDO D, SCHMID A, et al. Droplets deposition pattern from a prototype of a fixed spraying system in a sloping vineyard[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2018, 639: 92-99.
5	SINHA R, RANJAN R, BAHLOL H Y, et al. Development and performance evaluation of a pneumatic solid set canopy delivery system for high-density apple orchards[J]. Transactions of the ASABE, 2020, 63(1): 37-48.
6	SHARDA A, KARKEE M, ZHANG Q, et al. Fluid dynamics of a solid set canopy spray delivery system for orchard applications[C]// 2013 ASABE Annual International Meeting. St. Joseph, MI, USA: ASABE, 2013.
7	薛秀云. 坡地果园喷施管网优化[D]. 广州: 华南农业大学, 2011.
	XUE X. The optimization of sloping orchard spraying pipe network[D]. Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University, 2011.
8	代秋芳, 洪添胜, 宋淑然, 等. 山地管道恒压喷雾中喷雾压力和孔径对雾滴粒径的影响[J]. 植物保护, 2016, 42(4): 56-63.
	DAI Q, HONG T, SONG S, et al. Influences of spray pressure and pore diameter on droplet diam pipeline constant pressure spray in mountains[J]. Plant Protection, 2016, 42(4): 56-63.
9	代秋芳, 洪添胜, 宋淑然, 等. 果园管道恒压喷雾雾滴均匀性试验与分析[J].广东农业科学, 2016, 43(7): 164-171.
	DAI Q, HONG T, SONG S, et al. Test and analysis of droplet uniformity for pipeline constant pressure spray in orchards[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 43(7): 164-171.
10	代秋芳, 洪添胜, 宋淑然, 等. 压力及孔径对管道喷雾空心圆锥雾喷头雾滴参数的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(15): 97-103.
	DAI Q, HONG T, SONG S, et al. Influence of pressure and pore diameter on droplet parameters of hollow cone nozzle in pipeline spray[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2016, 32(15): 97-103.
11	宋淑然, 阮耀灿, 洪添胜, 等. 果园管道喷雾系统药液压力的自整定模糊PID控制[J]. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(6): 157-161.
	SONG S, RUAN Y, HONG T, et al. Self-adjustable fuzzy PID control for solution pressure of pipeline spray system in orchard[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2011, 27(6): 157-161.
12	SONG S, SUN D, XUE X, et al. Design of pipeline constant pressure spraying equipment and facility in mountainous region orangery[J]. IFAC Papers OnLine, 2018, 51-17: 495-502.
13	宋淑然, 洪添胜, 孙道宗, 等. 基于单片机的管道恒压喷雾控制装置: 200910193010.0[P]. 2013-05-01.
14	洪添胜, 张衍林, 杨洲, 等. 果园机械与设施[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2012.
15	王辉, 石昌飞, 宋淑然, 等. 果园管道自动顺序喷雾控制系统设计[J]. 广东农业科学, 2015, 42(11): 148-153.
	WANG H, SHI C, SONG S, et al. Design of automatic sequence control system for orchard pipeline spray[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 42(11): 148-153.
16	夏侯炳, 盛玲玲, 宋淑然, 等. 基于层次分析的山地果园生产机械化评价研究[J]. 农机化研究, 2020, 42(5): 250-257.
	XIA H, SHENG L, SONG S, et al. Research on the evaluation for mountainous orchard production's mechanization based on analytic hierarchy process[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2020, 42(5): 250-257.
17	李民宇, 宋淑然, 代秋芳, 等. 管道自动顺序喷雾架设计及喷雾有效性试验[J]. 农机化研究, 2020, 42(1): 153-160.
	LI M, SONG S, DAI Q, et al. Experiment of automatic sequential pipeline spray frame and spraying validity[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2020, 42(1): 153-160.
18	张鹏, 王兴君,王松林. 小功率智能型太阳能控制器的设计[J]. 现代电子技术, 2007, 30(18): 177-180.
	ZHANG P, WANG X, WANG S. Design of miniwatt intelligent solar controller[J]. Modern Electronics Technique, 2007, 30(18): 177-180.
19	石昌飞. 果园管道自动喷雾控制装置的设计与试验[D]. 广州: 华南农业大学, 2014.
	SHI C. Design and experimental of automatic control pipeline spray device in orchards[D]. Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University, 2014.
20	薛新宇, 严荷荣, 吴萍, 等. 植物保护机械通用试验方法: [S]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2014:19-20.
	XUE X, YAN H, WU P, et al. Equipment for crop protection—General test methods: [S]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2014: 19-20.

[1]	ZHANG Kai, HAN Shuqing, CHENG Guodong, WU Saisai, LIU Jifang. Gait Phase Recognition of Dairy Cows based on Gaussian Mixture Model and Hidden Markov Model [J]. Smart Agriculture, 2022, 4(2): 53-63.
[2]	GUO Xiuming, ZHU Yeping, LI Shijuan, ZHANG Jie, LYU Chunyang, LIU Shengping. Scale Adaptive Small Objects Detection Method in Complex Agricultural Environment: Taking Bees as Research Object [J]. Smart Agriculture, 2022, 4(1): 140-149.
[3]	WANG Zijie, LIU Guohai, ZHANG Duo, SHEN Yue, YAO Zhen, ZHANG He. Path Following Model Predictive Control of Four Wheel Independent Drive High Ground Clearance Sprayer [J]. Smart Agriculture, 2021, 3(3): 82-93.
[4]	WANG Fang, TENG Guifa, YAO Jingfa. Multi-Objective Vegetable Transportation and Distribution Path Optimization with Time Windows [J]. Smart Agriculture, 2021, 3(3): 152-161.
[5]	ZHANG Xiaoqing, SHAO Song, GUO Xinyu, FAN Jiangchuan. High-Throughput Dynamic Monitoring Method of Field Maize Seedling [J]. Smart Agriculture, 2021, 3(2): 88-99.
[6]	HAO Wangli, YU Peiyan, HAO Fei, HAN Meng, HAN Jiwan, SUN Weirong, LI Fuzhong. Foxtail Millet Ear Detection Approach Based on YOLOv4 and Adaptive Anchor Box Adjustment [J]. Smart Agriculture, 2021, 3(1): 63-74.
[7]	ZHU Chao, WU Fan, LIU Changbin, ZHAO Jianxiang, LIN Lili, TIAN Xueying, MIAO Teng. Tassel Segmentation of Maize Point Cloud Based on Super Voxels Clustering and Local Features [J]. Smart Agriculture, 2021, 3(1): 75-85.
[8]	LI Yan, SHEN Jie, XIE Hang, GAO Guangyin, LIU Jianxiong, LIU Jie. Detection and Grading Method of Pomelo Shape Based on Contour Coordinate Transformation and Fitting [J]. Smart Agriculture, 2021, 3(1): 86-95.
[9]	MAO Wenju, LIU Heng, WANG Dongfei, YANG Fuzeng, LIU Zhijie. Improved AODV Routing Protocol for Multi-Robot Communication in Orchard [J]. Smart Agriculture, 2021, 3(1): 96-108.
[10]	ZHU Dengsheng, FANG Hui, HU Shaoming, WANG Wenquan, ZHOU Yansuo, WANG Hongyan, LIU Fei, HE Yong. Development and Application of an Intelligent Remote Management Platform for Agricultural Machinery [J]. Smart Agriculture, 2020, 2(2): 67-81.
[11]	Zhou Chengquan, Ye Hongbao, Yu Guohong, Hu Jun, Xu Zhifu. A fast extraction method of broccoli phenotype based on machine vision and deep learning [J]. Smart Agriculture, 2020, 2(1): 121-132.
[12]	Wan Liang, Cen Haiyan, Zhu Jiangpeng, Zhang Jiafei, Du Xiaoyue, He Yong. Using fusion of texture features and vegetation indices from water concentration in rice crop to UAV remote sensing monitor [J]. Smart Agriculture, 2020, 2(1): 58-67.
[13]	Zhang Haifeng, Li Yang, Zhang Yu, Song Lijuan, Tang Lixin, Bi Hongwen. Design and implementation of intelligent terminal service system for greenhouse vegetables based on cloud service:A case study of Heilongjiang province [J]. Smart Agriculture, 2019, 1(3): 87-99.
[14]	Gao Wanlin, Zhang Ganghong, Zhang Guofeng, Huang Feng, Wu Dehua, Tao Sha, Wang Minjuan. Original innovation of key technologies leading healthy development of smart agricultural [J]. Smart Agriculture, 2019, 1(1): 8-19.
[15]	Zhu Yeping, Li Shijuan, Li Shuqin. Research on key technologies of crop growth process simulation model and morphological 3D visualization [J]. Smart Agriculture, 2019, 1(1): 53-66.