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Smart Agriculture ›› 2022, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (4): 1-25.doi: 10.12133/j.smartag.SA202212005

• 专题--大田作物智慧种植 •    下一篇

大田无人农场关键技术研究现状与展望

尹彦鑫1,3(), 孟志军1,3, 赵春江2(), 王昊1,3, 温昌凯1,3, 陈竞平1,3, 李立伟1,4, 杜经纬1,4, 王培1,3, 安晓飞1,2, 尚业华1,4, 张安琪1,3, 颜丙新1,3, 武广伟1,3   

  1. 1.北京市农林科学院智能装备技术研究中心,北京 100097
    2.国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心,北京 100097
    3.智能农业动力装备全国重点实验室,北京 100097
    4.农芯科技(北京)股份有限公司,北京 100097
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-20 出版日期:2022-12-30
  • 基金项目:
    国家重点研发计划项目课题(2021YFD2000604);国家自然基金项目(31971800);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项项目(2021ZD0003)
  • 作者简介:尹彦鑫(1984-),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向为智能农机装备。E-mail:yinyx@nercita.org.cn
  • 通信作者: 赵春江(1964-),男,博士,研究员,中国工程院院士,研究方向为农业信息化。E-mail:zhaocj@nercita.org.cn

State-of-the-art and Prospect of Research on Key Technical for Unmanned Farms of Field Corp

YIN Yanxin1,3(), MENG Zhijun1,3, ZHAO Chunjiang2(), WANG Hao1,3, WEN Changkai1,3, CHEN Jingping1,3, LI Liwei1,4, DU Jingwei1,4, WANG Pei1,3, AN Xiaofei1,2, SHANG Yehua1,4, ZHANG Anqi1,3, YAN Bingxin1,3, WU Guangwei1,3   

  1. 1.Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
    2.National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
    3.State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment, Beijing 100097, China
    4.AgChip Science and Technology (Beijing) Co. , Ltd. , Beijing 100097, China
  • Received:2022-12-20 Online:2022-12-30
  • Foundation items:National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD2000604);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971800);Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Major Project (2021ZD0003)
  • About author:YIN Yanxin, E-mail:yinyx@nercita.org.cn
  • Corresponding author:ZHAO Chunjiang,E-mail:zhaocj@nercita.org.cn

摘要:

无人农场是智慧农业的一种表现形式,也是建设农业强国和实现农业现代化的重要探索。无人农场以数据、知识和智能装备为核心要素,将现代信息技术与农业深度融合,实现农业全过程生产所需的信息感知、定量决策、智能控制、精准投入及个性化服务一体化。本文系统地阐述了大田无人农场的概念与总体技术架构,讨论了信息感知与智能决策、精准作业系统与装备、自动驾驶、无人化农机装备以及无人农场管控平台等五项大田无人农场的关键技术与装备,深入分析了发展中国大田无人农场亟待解决的关键科学与技术问题。以吉林省公主岭市玉米无人农场为例介绍了物联网、大数据、云计算以及人工智能等技术在玉米全程无人化生产中的具体应用及效果。最后,展望了无人农场在解决全球农业生产面临的“无人种田”等共性问题中发挥的重要作用,分析了中国发展无人农场存在的机遇和挑战,提出了中国发展无人农场的战略目标与思路。

关键词: 无人农场, 自动驾驶, 智能感知, 智能决策, 智能装备, 管控平台

Abstract:

As one of the important way for constructing smart agriculture, unmanned farms are the most attractive in nowadays, and have been explored in many countries. Generally, data, knowledge and intelligent equipment are the core elements of unmanned farms. It deeply integrates modern information technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, edge computing, and artificial intelligence with agriculture to realize agricultural production information perception, quantitative decision-making, intelligent control, precise input and personalized services. In the paper, the overall technical architecture of unmanned farms is introduced, and five kinds of key technologies of unmanned farms are proposed, which include information perception and intelligent decision-making technology, precision control technology and key equipment for agriculture, automatic driving technology in agriculture, unmanned operation agricultural equipment, management and remote controlling system for unmanned farms. Furthermore, the latest research progress of the above technologies both worldwide are analyzed. Based on which, critical scientific and technological issues to be solved for developing unmanned farms in China are proposed, include unstructured environment perception of farmland, automatic drive for agriculture machinery in complex and changeable farmland environment, autonomous task assignment and path planning of unmanned agricultural machinery, autonomous cooperative operation control of unmanned agricultural machinery group. Those technologies are challenging and absolutely, and would be the most competitive commanding height in the future. The maize unmanned farm constructed in the city of Gongzhuling, Jilin province, China, was also introduced in detail. The unmanned farms is mainly composed of information perception system, unmanned agricultural equipment, management and controlling system. The perception system obtains and provides the farmland information, maize growth, pest and disease information of the farm. The unmanned agricultural machineries could complete the whole process of the maize mechanization under unattended conditions. The management and controlling system includes the basic GIS, remote controlling subsystem, precision operation management subsystem and working display system for unmanned agricultural machineries. The application of the maize unmanned farm has improved maize production efficiency (the harvesting efficiency has been increased by 3-4 times) and reduced labors. Finally, the paper summarizes the important role of the unmanned farm technology were summarized in solving the problems such as reduction of labors, analyzes the opportunities and challenges of developing unmanned farms in China, and put forward the strategic goals and ideas of developing unmanned farm in China.

Key words: unmanned farm, automatic driving, intelligent perception, intelligent decision-making, intelligent equipment, management and control platform

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