中国大田作物智慧种植目标、关键技术与区域模式

doi:10.12133/j.smartag.SA202207003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大田作物智慧种植业是智慧农业的重要内容。本文通过分析智慧农业发展历程，明确了大田作物智慧种植业发展战略总体目标和重点任务，凝练出关键技术，有针对性地提出适宜中国区域特征的发展模式。大田作物智慧种植的关键技术面临的主要挑战有：缺乏原位精准测量技术与农业专用传感器，作物模拟模型与实际生产有较大差别，信息传输技术的实时性、可靠性、通用性和稳定性有待改进，智能农业装备还需要进一步解决好农机/农艺相结合问题。在以上分析基础上，提出了大田作物智慧种植关键技术的5个一级技术以及相应的18个二级技术。5个一级技术包括环境与生物信息感知技术、信息移动互联与农业物联网技术、云计算与云服务技术、大数据分析与决策技术、智能农机装备与农业机器人技术。根据中国种植业区域特色提出了相应的6种智慧农业发展区，即东北与内蒙古规模化智慧生产发展区，京津冀鲁智慧都市农业与节水农业发展区，西北旱区棉花规模化智慧种植和旱作智慧农业绿色发展综合试验区，东南沿海循环型水稻智慧种植业综合发展试验区，长江中下游平原智慧粮油优化发展区，以及西南山区智慧特色农业发展区。最后从基础设施建设、技术、人才和政策角度给出了发展建议。

关键词: 智慧种植, 感知技术, 物联网, 智能农机装备, 无人农场, 大数据, 移动互联, 智慧农业

Abstract:

Smart farming for field crops is a significant part of the smart agriculture. It aims at crop production, integrating modern sensing technology, new generation mobile communication technology, computer and network technology, Internet of Things(IoT), big data, cloud computing, blockchain and expert wisdom and knowledge. Deeply integrated application of biotechnology, engineering technology, information technology and management technology, it realizes accurate perception, quantitative decision-making, intelligent operation and intelligent service in the process of crop production, to significantly improve land output, resource utilization and labor productivity, comprehensively improves the quality, and promotes efficiency of agricultural products. In order to promote the sustainable development of the smart farming, through the analysis of the development process of smart agriculture, the overall objectives and key tasks of the development strategy were clarified, the key technologies in smart farming were condensed. Analysis and breakthrough of smart farming key technologies were crucial to the industrial development strategy. The main problems of the smart farming for field crops include: the lack of in-situ accurate measurement technology and special agricultural sensors, the large difference between crop model and actual production, the instantaneity, reliability, universality, and stability of the information transmission technologies, and the combination of intelligent agricultural equipment with agronomy. Based on the above analysis, five primary technologies and eighteen corresponding secondary technologies of smart farming for field crops were proposed, including: sensing technologies of environmental and biological information in field, agricultural IoT technologies and mobile internet, cloud computing and cloud service technologies in agriculture, big data analysis and decision-making technology in agriculture, and intelligent agricultural machinery and agricultural robots in fireld production. According to the characteristics of China's cropping region, the corresponding smart farming development strategies were proposed: large-scale smart production development zone in the Northeast region and Inner Mongolia region, smart urban agriculture and water-saving agriculture development zone in the region of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and Shandong, large-scale smart farming of cotton and smart dry farming green development comprehensive test zone in the Northwest arid region, smart farming of rice comprehensive development test zone in the Southeast coast region, and characteristic smart farming development zone in the Southwest mountain region. Finally, the suggestions were given from the perspective of infrastructure, key technology, talent and policy.

Key words: smart farming, sensing technologies, Internet of Things, intelligent agricultural machinery, unmanned farm, big data, mobile internet, smart agriculture

中图分类号:

李莉, 李民赞, 刘刚, 张漫, 汪懋华. 中国大田作物智慧种植目标、关键技术与区域模式[J]. 智慧农业(中英文), 2022, 4(4): 26-34.

LI Li, LI Minzan, LIU Gang, ZHANG Man, WANG Maohua. Goals, Key Technologies, and Regional Models of Smart Farming for Field Crops in China[J]. Smart Agriculture, 2022, 4(4): 26-34.

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