地面弥雾机与六旋翼植保无人机在芒果冠层中雾滴沉积性能对比

doi:10.12133/j.smartag.SA202207007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决芒果园传统植保作业中农药用量大、施药不均匀、作业效率低等问题，并构建智慧芒果园，本研究对比了地面弥雾机和六旋翼植保无人机两种果园施药机具在芒果冠层中的药液雾滴沉积性能。将芒果冠层分为上中下层，以柠檬黄为示踪剂，使用高清相纸与滤纸采集药液雾滴，通过图像处理等手段分析雾滴沉积分布均匀性。试验结果表明，植保无人机在芒果树上部冠层叶片表面的雾滴覆盖率显著高于地面弥雾机，在其余冠层部位，两种施药机具在叶片表面药液无显著差异覆盖；植保无人机处理组叶片正反面平均覆盖率均为地面弥雾机的1.5~2倍，对叶片背面的防治优于地面弥雾机。地面弥雾机处理组叶片正面雾滴密度显著高于植保无人机，叶片背面无显著差异，植保无人机处理组正反面均未满足低量喷雾20个/cm2的病虫害防治要求。地面弥雾机药液沉积集中在中下冠层（61.1%），植保无人机集中在上部冠层（43.0%），冠层内部沉积比例地面弥雾机（48.6%）＞植保无人机（25.5%），但地面弥雾机在冠层上部沉积能力不足，沉积占比仅为17%。研究表明，相较于植保无人机，地面弥雾机适用于芒果冠层中下部及内部病虫害防治，同时该机具较高的雾滴覆盖密度在喷洒杀菌剂时也有明显优势，植保无人机适用于针对芒果上部冠层如蓟马、炭疽等易发于外部花絮的病虫害防治。

关键词: 智慧芒果园, 弥雾机, 植保无人机, 雾滴沉积分布均匀性, 病虫害防治

Abstract:

In order to solve the problems of pesticides abuse, nonuniformity deposition and low operating efficiency, build up the smart mango orchard, sedimentary properties of liquids in mango canopy of two orchard pesticide machinery, i.e., orchard caterpillar mist sprayer and six-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) of were compared. Mango canopy was divided into upper, middle and lower canopy, tartrazine wsa selected as the tracer, high-definition printing paper and filter paper were used to collect pesticide droplets, the image processing methods such as deposition distribution uniformity were used to analyze the droplets. The experimental results showed that, for the surface droplets coverage rate of upper canopy leaf, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was significantly higher than the cartipillar mist sprayer, there was no significant difference for the middle and lower canopy leaf. The the average coverage rate of both the front and back of leaves in UAV treatment group were 1.5~2 times for cartipillar mist sprayer, and got more deposition in back of leaves compare with caterpillar mist sprayer. The density of droplets on the front of the leaves of the mist sprayer treatment was significantly higher than that of the UAV treatment, but there was no significant difference on the back of the leaves. Both the front and back of the leaves of the plant protection UAV did not meet the requirements of disease and pest control with a low spray amount of 20/cm². The liquid deposition of mist sprayer concentrated in the middle and lower canopy (61.1%), and while for the UAVs, it concentrated in the upper canopy (43.0%). The proportion of the deposition in the canopy was higher than that of the UAVs (48.6%), but the deposition capacity of mist sprayer in the upper canopy was insufficient, accounting for only 17%. The research shows that, compared with UAV, caterpillar mist sprayer is more suitable for the pest control of lower and middlein canopy, at the same time, the high density of droplets cover also has obvious advantages when spraying fungicide. UAV is more suitable for the external tidbits pest control of upper mango canopy, such as thrips, anthrax. According to the experimental results, a stereoscopic plant protection system can be built up in which can use the advantages of both caterpillar mist sprayer and UAV to achieve uniform coverage of pesticide in the mango tree canopy.

Key words: smart mango orchard, misting machine, plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle, droplet deposition distribution uniformity, pest control

中图分类号:

S435

李扬帆, 何雄奎, 韩冷, 黄战, 何苗. 地面弥雾机与六旋翼植保无人机在芒果冠层中雾滴沉积性能对比[J]. 智慧农业(中英文), 2022, 4(3): 53-62.

LI Yangfan, HE Xiongkui, HAN Leng, HUANG Zhan, HE Miao. Comparison of Droplet Deposition Performance Between Caterpillar Mist Sprayer and Six-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Mango Canopy[J]. Smart Agriculture, 2022, 4(3): 53-62.

图/表 10

表1

图1

图2

表2

图3

图4

图5

表3

芒果树喷雾试验雾滴沉积分布参数

雾滴沉积分布参数	处理组
雾滴沉积分布参数	地面弥雾机	植保无人机
叶片正面平均覆盖率C_upp/%	4.96±0.83	7.03±1.26
叶片背面平均覆盖率C_und/%	1.01±0.34	2.72±10.3
覆盖率平均值 $C ˉ$ /%	2.99	4.88
叶片正面平均雾滴密度N_upp/（个·cm^-2）	101.5±11.1	12.25±1.8
叶片背面平均雾滴密度N_und/（个·cm^-2）	20.7±4.8	6.09±1.3
雾滴密度平均值 $N ˉ$ /（个·cm^-2）	61.1	9.2
叶片正面平均单位沉积量β_upp/（μL·cm^-2）	0.88±0.13	0.20±0.04
叶片背面平均单位沉积量β_und/（μL·cm^-2）	0.45±0.10	0.13±0.03
单位沉积量平均值 $β ˉ$ /（μL·cm^-2）	0.67	0.16
雾滴粒径平均值D_V50/μm	170.6±8.6	631.4±63.1
雾滴覆盖率分布均匀性CV/%	165.9	148.5
叶片背面覆盖率占正面百分比R_c/%	20.4	38.7
内部沉积占比R_d/%	37.1	18.0
垂直穿透系数K_V/%	27.8	33.4
水平穿透系数K_H/%	48.6	25.5
地面流失比率R_Groundloss/%	21.8	21.2

表3

图6

表4

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作业机具	机具尺寸/mm×mm×mm	最大载药量/L	喷头型号×数量	喷头最大流量/（L·min^-1）	最大作业速度/（m·s^-1）
植保无人机	2858×2685×790	30	TEEJET 11002VS×16	8.5	7
地面弥雾机	1935×1140×690	200	XR45/01S×4 XR95/02S×2	16	1.25

处理组	喷洒用量/（L·hm^-2）	柠檬黄浓度/（g·L^-1）	作业速度/（m·s^-1）	无人机飞高/m	喷洒路线
植保无人机	0.4	4.20	2.5	3	行上飞行
地面弥雾机	2.27	0.40	1.25	/	行间喷洒

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