农业元宇宙：关键技术、应用情景、挑战与展望

doi:10.12133/j.smartag.SA202206006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

元宇宙这一新兴概念受到了产、学、研各界的广泛关注。农业与元宇宙的结合将极大地推动农业信息化和智能化发展，为农业智能化转型升级提供新动能。为深入分析元宇宙在农业领域的应用研究可行性，本文首先分析了农业元宇宙的概念，以及区块链、非同质化代币、5G/6G、人工智能、物联网、三维重建、云计算、边缘计算和扩展现实等元宇宙农业应用的关键技术。接着讨论了元宇宙在虚拟农场、农业教学系统和农产品追溯系统三个农业应用领域的主要情景，最后总结了农业元宇宙面临的系统建立、通信基础、硬件设备和运营等方面的主要挑战，并展望了未来的发展方向。本文可为元宇宙在农业的应用研究提供指导。

关键词: 农业元宇宙, 区块链, 扩展现实, 数字孪生, 平行农业, 虚拟农场, 农产品追溯系统, 农业教学系统

Abstract:

As an emerging concept, metaverse has attracted extensive attention from industry, academia and scientific research field. The combination of agriculture and metaverse will greatly promote the development of agricultural informatization and agricultural intelligence, provide new impetus for the transformation and upgrading of agricultural intelligence. Firstly, to expound feasibility of the application research of metaverse in agriculture, the basic principle and key technologies of agriculture metaverse were briefly described, such as blockchain, non-fungible token, 5G/6G, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, 3D reconstruction, cloud computing, edge computing, augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality, brain computer interface, digital twins and parallel system. Then, the main scenarios of three agricultural applications of metaverse in the fields of virtual farm, agricultural teaching system and agricultural product traceability system were discussed. Among them, virtual farm is one of the most important applications of agricultural metaverse. Agricultural metaverse can help the growth of crops and the raising of livestock and poultry in the field of agricultural production, provide a three-dimensional and visual virtual leisure agricultural experience, provide virtual characters in the field of agricultural product promotion. The agricultural metaverse teaching system can provide virtual agricultural teaching similar to natural scenes, save training time and improve training efficiency by means of fragmentation. Traceability of agricultural products can let consumers know the production information of agricultural products and feel more confident about enterprises and products. Finally, the challenges in the development of agricultural metaverse were summarized in the aspects of difficulties in establishing agricultural metaverse system, weak communication foundation of agricultural metaverse, immature agricultural metaverse hardware equipment and uncertain agricultural meta universe operation, and the future development directions of agricultural metaverse were prospected. In the future, researches on the application of metaverse, agricultural growth mechanism, and low power wireless communication technologies are suggested to be carried out. A rural broadband network covering households can be established. The industrialization application of agricultural meta universe can be promoted. This review can provide theoretical references and technical supports for the development of metaverse in the field of agriculture.

Key words: agricultural metaverse, blockchain, extended reality, digital twins, parallel agriculture, virtual farm, agri-food supply chain traceability system, agricultural education system

中图分类号:

TP391.9

陈枫, 孙传恒, 邢斌, 罗娜, 刘海深. 农业元宇宙：关键技术、应用情景、挑战与展望[J]. 智慧农业(中英文), 2022, 4(4): 126-137.

CHEN Feng, SUN Chuanheng, XING Bin, LUO Na, LIU Haishen. Agricultural Metaverse: Key Technologies, Application Scenarios, Challenges and Prospects[J]. Smart Agriculture, 2022, 4(4): 126-137.

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