Grain Production Big Data Platform: Progress and Prospects

doi:10.12133/j.smartag.SA202409014

Abstract

Abstract:

[Significance] The explosive development of agricultural big data has accelerated agricultural production into a new era of digitalization and intelligentialize. Agricultural big data is the core element to promote agricultural modernization and the foundation of intelligent agriculture. As a new productive forces, big data enhances the comprehensive intelligent management decision-making during the whole process of grain production. But it faces the problems such as the indistinct management mechanism of grain production big data resources, the lack of the full-chain decision-making algorithm system and big data platform for the whole process and full elements of grain production. [Progress] Grain production big data platform is a comprehensive service platform that uses modern information technologies such as big data, Internet of Things (IoT), remote sensing and cloud computing to provide intelligent decision-making support for the whole process of grain production based on intelligent algorithms for data collection, processing, analysis and monitoring related to grain production. In this paper, the progress and challenges in grain production big data, monitoring and decision-making algorithms are reviewed, as well as big data platforms in China and worldwide. With the development of the IoT and high-resolution multi-modal remote sensing technology, the massive agricultural big data generated by the "Space-Air-Ground" Integrated Agricultural Monitoring System, has laid an important foundation for smart agriculture and promoted the shift of smart agriculture from model-driven to data-driven. However, there are still some issues in field management decision-making, such as the requirements for high spatio-temporal resolution and timeliness of the information are difficult to meet, and the algorithm migration and localization methods based on big data need to be studied. In addition, the agricultural machinery operation and spatio-temporal scheduling algorithm based on remote sensing and IoT monitoring information to determine the appropriate operation time window and operation prescription, needs to be further developed, especially the cross-regional scheduling algorithm of agricultural machinery for summer harvest in China. Aiming to address the issues of non-bi-connected monitoring and decision-making algorithms in grain production, as well as the insufficient integration of agricultural machinery and information perception, a framework for the grain production big data intelligent platform based on digital twins is proposed. The platform leverages multi-source heterogeneous grain production big data and integrates a full-chain suit of standardized algorithms, including data acquisition, information extraction, knowledge map construction, intelligent decision-making, full-chain collaboration of agricultural machinery operations. It covers the typical application scenarios such as irrigation, fertilization, pests and disease management, emergency response to drought and flood disaster, all enabled by digital twins technology. [Conclusions and Prospects] The suggestions and trends for development of grain production big data platform are summarized in three aspects: (1) Creating an open, symbiotic grain production big data platform, with core characteristics such as open interface for crop and environmental sensors, maturity grading and a cloud-native packaging mechanism for core algorithms, highly efficient response to data and decision services; (2) Focusing on the typical application scenarios of grain production, take the exploration of technology integration and bi-directional connectivity as the base, and the intelligent service as the soul of the development path for the big data platform research; (3) The data-algorithm-service self-organizing regulation mechanism, the integration of decision-making information with the intelligent equipment operation, and the standardized, compatible and open service capabilities, can form the new quality productivity to ensure food safety, and green efficiency grain production.

Key words: grain production, big data platform, agricultural condition monitoring, intelligent algorithm, decision support, new quality productivity

CLC Number:

S126

YANG Guijun, ZHAO Chunjiang, YANG Xiaodong, YANG Hao, HU Haitang, LONG Huiling, QIU Zhengjun, LI Xian, JIANG Chongya, SUN Liang, CHEN Lei, ZHOU Qingbo, HAO Xingyao, GUO Wei, WANG Pei, GAO Meiling. Grain Production Big Data Platform: Progress and Prospects[J]. Smart Agriculture, 2025, 7(2): 1-12.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

The big data of grain production in China and abroad

数据类型		国内	国外
农业综合大数据		全国农业科教云平台：全国节水肥料、栽培植保、农情调度、春耕生产、市场等13类涉农信息（www.agricoop.net）；农业农村部大数据发展中心：以农业农村用地一张图中中国10亿多地块信息为基础，涵盖农情、农事、农机、农资、农技、销售和金融等方面数据（https：//www.abdc.org.cn/）	美国农业部：气象、土壤、水文、农业调查等近10大类近30年农业大数据（www.nass.usda.gov；fas.usda.gov/data）；欧盟农业部Agri-food Data Portal：作物类别、种植结构、生育期、农情、灾害监测和市场交易等方面的数据（agridata.ec.europa.eu）
农业专题大数据	农情监测数据	中国农业科学院CHARMS系统、中国科学院CropWatch系统，提供全球或全国农情监测和产量预报服务（http：//cropwatch.com.cn/）	美国CropExplorer和欧盟MARS提供全球农情监测和粮食安全评估数据（https：//ipad.fas.usda.gov/cropexplorer/； https：//joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/monitoring-agricultural-resources-mars_en）
	生产数据	中化MAP涵盖遥感、气象、土壤、种植、农田管理等数据，线上服务农田超667万公顷，数据规模PB（Petabyte）级（https：//www.sinochem.com.cn/）	FBN涵盖地块、种植、气象、病虫害、市场、物流、农资等数据，汇集0.563亿公顷1 000亿个数据点农田数据和6 800个品种的信息（https：//www.fbn.com/）
	气象数据	中国气象科学数据中心大气再分析数据CMA-RA：1979年至今，10 km逐时（http：//www.nmic.cn/）	欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA5，1940年至今，0.1°逐时；美国NCEP，1948年至今，2.5°逐6小时。（https：//www.ecmwf.int/）
	农机作业数据	全国农机作业远程监测与智能管理调度平台监管全国13个省6.8万台农机，作业地块1 800万个、面积2 666万公顷，总数据55 TB	德国科乐收（CLAAS）公司研发的TELEMATICS系统能够访问机器性能参数、电子数据、作业数据，并进行远程故障维修和智能运维服务（https：//www.claas.co.uk/）
	农业知识图谱	中国农业科学院农业信息研究所构建了农业专业知识服务系统，包含2 000万条农业知识规则，其中粮食生产相关知识不足20% （https：//agri.nais.net.cn/index.html）	Google公司2020年发布了面向通用领域的包含570亿实体关系的大规模知识图谱，但农业领域知识图谱及知识挖掘的应用较少（https：//cloud.tencent.com/developer/news/716354）

Table 2

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国内	国外
中化现代农业平台（Modern Agriculture Platform， MAP）：涵盖遥感、气象等基础数据，数据规模PB级；提供品种规划、测土配肥、定制植保、农机服务、农业金融和农用柴油供应等“7+3”服务项目，服务时效3~5天；将服务1 500多个示范农场，覆盖面积约200万公顷（https：//www.sinochem.com.cn/）	Climate FieldView（德国拜耳）：涵盖遥感、金融保险、土壤分析等70多个生产模块，覆盖生产全要素全过程大数据达EB级；基于大数据分析和决策核心算法，提供农场尺度的气象/土壤分析、病虫害诊断，精准施肥/药、农业保险、销售管理等全生产流程实时在线服务，为全球约1亿公顷农田提供服务（https：//www.climatefieldview.co.uk）
爱科农智慧种植决策系统：以自主研发的植物-土壤-大气连续体模型为基础，提供地力评估、田间环境大数据分析、农作物分布与长势分析、科学水肥管理、灾害预警、产量预测六大服务，并致力于打造了1.33万公顷爱科农试验示范基地“超级田”（https：//www.aikenong.com.cn）	xarvio数字农业服务平台（巴斯夫）：包括三个主要产品：xarvio SCOUTING、 xarvio FIELD MANAGER和xarvio HEALTHY FIELDS，提供拍照识别农田和病虫害杂草、种植规划及生产决策、植保策略等服务（https：//www.basf.com/）
大疆智慧农业服务平台：提供无人机快速巡田、长势分析、农机作业指导和监管等服务（https：//ag.dji.com）	美国FBN：利用大数据技术引导农业革命，创新独特的基于农业大数据的商业模式，提供农田管理决策服务和农资及农产品营销渠道和金融渠道（https：//www.fbn.com/）

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