农业遥感卫星发展现状及我国监测需求分析

doi:10.12133/j.smartag.2019.1.1.201901-SA003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国现代农业的发展以及乡村振兴战略的实施需要大量及时有效的农业环境、生产条件、状态及过程信息。基于农业内在的特点,卫星遥感是农业信息快速准确获取的关键技术手段之一。发达国家可用于农业应用的遥感卫星已经形成星座或体系进行联合观测,具有较高的观测时间分辨率,卫星遥感器载荷设计较为充分地考虑了农业应用的需求,观测手段不断创新、观测性能不断提高。目前,我国农业遥感卫星应用还存在很多问题,例如传感器多光谱遥感为主、观测要素缺乏,受遥感传感器性能和遥感卫星地面应用系统能力不足制约,缺少光学与微波等多手段同时相协同观测能力、遥感数据保障率和质量有待提高等,遥感监测手段与国外先进水平存在一定差距。从国内农业生产常规监测、国外农业生产常规监测、重大农业政策执行情况监测和绘制重要农业资源图四个方面全面分析了中国当前遥感卫星业务需求,并考虑未来发展深入分析了农业对遥感卫星应用装备的需求。建议构建编队顺序飞行的,具备多光谱、高光谱、红外以及微波等多种手段的农业卫星星座系统,有效提高多源数据融合精度,综合提供不同波段、不同极化、主动被动、光学微波相互融合的多尺度卫星遥感数据及产品,促进农业遥感技术的快速发展,推动“天空地”数字农业的一体化发展。最后,提出了立足于用户需求,建立中国民用遥感领域农业综合观测卫星系统采用“分步走”战略建议。

关键词: 农业, 卫星, 遥感, 智慧农业, 需求

Abstract:

With the development of China's modern agriculture, information agriculture and smart agriculture, and the implementation of national rural revitalization strategy, there are very strong demands for timely and effective retrieving information for agricultural environment, production conditions, status, and procedure. Because of the inherent characteristics of agriculture, satellite remote sensing is one of the critical techniques in agricultural information acquisition. Based on the analysis of the applications of agricultural remote sensing satellites abroad and in China, the authors analyzed the technical demand and engineering demand of China's remote sensing satellites development according to the demand of modern agricultural development, in order to provide suggestions for the construction agricultural remote sensing satellite system in the national digital agriculture system. In developed economies, remote sensing satellites that can be used for agricultural applications have formed constellations or systems for integrative observation. Their designs of payloads and sensors onboard remote sensing satellites have taken full account of the demand for agricultural applications. Their technical innovation and information retrieval capability have been greatly enhanced in agricultural applications of satellite remote sensing. In contrast with that in the advanced foreign countries, the agricultural satellite remote sensing applications in China have quite a few problems and shortcomings. We rely mainly multi-spectral remote sensing systems, which leads to inadequate observation elements in agricultural remote sensing applications. Limited by the performance of remote sensing sensors and the inadequate ability of remote sensing satellite ground application system, there is a certain gap between quantitative remote sensing monitoring means in China and foreign developed countries. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the current and future demands of agricultural remote sensing applications in China, this paper suggests the agricultural requirements for the application capability and equipment of remote sensing satellites. It is suggested that a constellation system of agricultural satellites flying in a tandem sequence should be constructed. The constellation has multi-spectral, hyperspectral, infrared and microwave sensors, which can acquire the comprehensive features of the same objects in the same temporal phase, and thus obtain the data with high spatial-temporal consistency and consistency of solar illumination conditions. The precision of multi-source data fusion can comprehensively provide multi-scale remote sensing products with different bands, different polarization, active/passive, microwave/optical fusion. With help of this advanced agricultural remote sensing satellite system and national spatial infrastructure in China, it will enhance the capability to promote the rapid development of agricultural remote sensing technology and the integration of three-dimensional space-air-ground based digital agriculture in China.

Key words: agriculture, satellite, remote sensing, smart agriculture, demands

中图分类号:

陈仲新, 郝鹏宇, 刘佳, 安萌, 韩波. 农业遥感卫星发展现状及我国监测需求分析[J]. 智慧农业, 2019, 1(1): 32-42.

Chen Zhongxin, Hao Pengyu, Liu Jia, An Meng, Han Bo. Technical demands for agricultural remote sensing satellites in China[J]. Smart Agriculture, 2019, 1(1): 32-42.

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