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Smart Agriculture ›› 2021, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (3): 38-51.doi: 10.12133/j.smartag.2021.3.3.202107-SA005

• 专题--智能植保机械与施药技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

冬小麦田植保无人飞机喷施除草剂雾滴粒径及沉积飘移分布特性评估

王国宾1,2(), 韩鑫1,2, 宋灿灿1,2, 伊丽丽1,2, 鲁文霞1,2, 兰玉彬1,2,3()   

  1. 1.山东理工大学 农业工程与食品科学学院，山东 淄博 255049
    2.山东省农业航空智能装备工程技术研究中心，山东 淄博 255049
    3.华南农业大学 电子工程学院/人工智能学院，广东 广州 510642
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-11 修回日期:2021-08-20 出版日期:2021-09-30
  • 基金资助:
    山东省引进顶尖人才“一事一议”专项经费资助项目(鲁政办字［2018］27号);淄博市重点研发计划（校城融合类）生态无人农场研究院项目(2019ZBXC200);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200700)
  • 作者简介:王国宾（1991－），男，博士，讲师，研究方向为精准农业航空施药技术。E-mail：guobinwang@sdut.edu.cn。
  • 通信作者:

Evaluation of Droplet Size and Drift Distribution of Herbicide Sprayed by Plant Protection Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Winter Wheat Field

WANG Guobin1,2(), HAN Xin1,2, SONG Cancan1,2, YI Lili1,2, LU Wenxia1,2, LAN Yubin1,2,3()   

  1. 1.College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
    2.Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Intelligent Equipment, Zibo 255049, China
    3.College of Electronics Engineering/College of Artificial Intelligence, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
  • Received:2021-07-11 Revised:2021-08-20 Online:2021-09-30

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摘要：

随着植保无人飞机作业面积的增加，雾滴飘移风险也日益凸显，尤其以除草剂飘移风险危害最高。为明确除草剂溶液对雾滴粒径的影响及植保无人飞机喷施除草剂雾滴沉积飘移分布特性，本研究通过室内雾化室测定了植保无人飞机安装的离心转盘雾化喷头喷洒清水及常用的15种麦田除草剂溶液的雾滴粒径分布，并通过田间试验在药箱中添加荧光示踪剂（60 g/hm2）测定喷施作业区和飘移区的雾滴沉积量分布。室内测定结果表明，与清水相比，除草剂溶液对雾滴粒径影响显著。除唑草酮水分散粒剂外，其余溶液经离心转盘雾化喷头喷洒后，雾滴体积中径较清水均有所降低，且最大降低22.0%；小雾滴（V<150 μm）比例均有所增加，最大增加50.8%。田间飘移试验表明，植保无人飞机喷洒150 μm雾滴，在环境侧风风速为3.76 m/s时，作业区的雾滴沉积覆盖度和雾滴沉积密度仅为风速0.74 m/s时的41.3%和42.2%，且均匀性显著降低。在飘移区下风向12 m位置，雾滴沉积量为作业区的10%以下；下风向50 m处，雾滴沉积量低于检测限（0.0002 μL/cm2）。飘移比率随风速的增加而增加，当风速达到3.76 m/s时，雾滴飘移比率达到46.4%。不同侧风风速下，90%的累积飘移位置在4.8~22.4 m。对飘移区沉积量与飘移距离、侧风风速拟合，结果表明下风向沉积量与风速呈正比。本研究为植保无人飞机冬麦田不同风速作业下的雾滴飘移距离提供数据支持，为喷雾飘移缓冲带、飘移风险评估提供依据。

关键词: 植保无人飞机, 小麦, 除草剂剂型, 雾滴粒径, 侧风风速, 雾滴沉积飘移量

Abstract:

With the continuous increase of the spraying area, the problem of droplet drift risk in the spraying process of UAV is becoming increasingly prominent, especially the herbicide drift. In order to clarify the effect of the herbicide solution on the droplet size and the deposition and drift distribution characteristics sprayed by UAVs, the droplet sizes of 15 herbicide solutions sprayed by the centrifugal rotary atomizer nozzle installed in the plant protection UAV were measured in the laboratory, and the distribution of droplet deposition and drift in the spraying area and drift area were measured by adding a fluorescent tracer (60 g/hm2) to the tank in the field. The results showed that the herbicide solution had a significant effect on the droplet size distribution. The DV50 of all the other solutions was reduced after sprayed by the centrifugal atomizer except the Carfentrazone-ethyl water dispersible granule, and the maximum decrease ratio was 22.0%. The proportion of small droplets (V<150 μm) increased, with the maximum value of 50.8%. When the environmental crosswind speed was 3.76 m/s, the coverage and number of droplets in the spraying area were only 41.3% and 42.2% of that at 0.74 m/s, and the deposition uniformity was significantly reduced. In the drift zone, the deposition amount of droplets was under 10% of in-swath zone at the downwind of 12 m, and the deposition of all the treatments at 50 m was lower than detection limits (0.0002 μL/cm2). The drift ratio increased with the wind speed increased. When the crosswind speed reached 3.76 m/s, the drift ratio of droplets was 46.4%. Under different crosswind, 90% of the total measured spray drift were 4.8?22.4 m. By fitting the deposition in the drift zone with drift distance and crosswind speed, the downwind deposition was proportional to the crosswind speed. This study provides data support for droplet drift distance of plant protection UAV spraying in wheat fields at different wind speeds in winter and provides a basis for spray drift buffer zone, drift risk assessment, and relevant standard formulation.

Key words: plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), wheat, herbicide formulation, droplet size, crosswind speed, droplets deposition and drift

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